scholarly journals Rainfall pulse response of carbon exchange to the timing of natural intra-annual rainfall in a temperate grass ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 106730
Author(s):  
Guangcun Hao ◽  
Zhongmin Hu ◽  
Kai Di ◽  
Shenggong Li
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Response ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Rainfall Pulse

scholarly journals Net ecosystem carbon exchange of a dry temperate eucalypt forest

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hinko-Najera ◽  
Stephen J Livesley ◽  
Jason Beringer ◽  
Peter Isaac ◽  
Eva van Gorsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Exchange

Abstract. Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by sequestering a considerable fraction of anthropogenic CO2 thereby contributing to climate change mitigation. However, there is a gap in our understanding about the carbon dynamics of eucalypt (broadleaf evergreen) forests in temperate climates, which might differ from temperate coniferous or deciduous forests given their fundamental differences in physiology, phenology and growth dynamics. To address this gap we undertook a three year study (2010–2012) using eddy covariance measurements in a dry temperate eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia. We determined the annual net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) and investigated the temporal (seasonal and inter-annual) variability and environmental controls of NEE, gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). The forest was a large and constant carbon sink throughout the study period, even in winter, with an overall mean NEE of −1062 ± 53 g C m−2 yr−1. Gross CO2 ecosystem fluxes showed no significant inter-annual variability and mean annual estimate of GPP was 2521 ± 35 g C m−2 yr−1 and ER was 1458 ± 31 g C m−2 yr−1. GPP and ER had a pronounced seasonality with GPP being greatest during spring and summer and ER during summer whereas peaks of NEE occurred in early spring and again in summer. High NEE in spring was caused by a delayed increase in ER due to low temperatures. A random forest analysis showed that variability in GPP was mostly explained by incoming solar radiation whilst air temperature was the main environmental driver of ER on seasonal and inter-annual time scales. The forest experienced unusual above average annual rainfall during the first two years of this three year period so that soil moisture content remained relatively high and the forest was not water limited. Our results show the potential of temperate eucalypt forests to sequester large amounts of carbon when not water limited. Our observations can provide data on an underrepresented biome to test and parameterise ecosystem models. However, longer monitoring is needed to assess the inter-annual variability of the carbon sink strength particularly during years with drought conditions.

scholarly journals Rainfall pulse response of carbon fluxes in a temperate grass ecosystem in the semiarid Loess Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 11179-11189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakun Tang ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Yunming Chen ◽  
Xu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Pulse Response ◽  
Rainfall Pulse

THE ROLE OF GRASSLAND IN MANAGEMENT

1968 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
B.K. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Very High ◽  
Wilting Point

THE PROPERTY to be discussed is a mixed sheep and cropping unit, situated ei ht a miles east of Ashburton and midway between the Ra aia and the Ashburton rivers. Average annual rainfall is 27 in., evenly spread, but there is very high summer evaporation and therefore frequent droughts. On average, the soil is below wilting point for 40 to 50 days each summer. Winters are cold with the soil temperature being below 48°F for about four months each year. The soil is a Lismore stony silt loam averaging 9 in. in depth over gravel.

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

Relationships Between Apparent Nitrogen Fixation and Carbon Exchange Rate in Alfalfa 1

Crop Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Sheehy ◽  
K. A. Fishbeck ◽  
D. A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Carbon Exchange

Trialing wetlands to treat coal mining wastewaters in a low rainfall, high evaporation environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy R. Tyrrell ◽  
David R. Mulligan ◽  
Lindsay I. Sly ◽  
L. Clive Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Black Precipitate ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Initial Results

The large number of wetlands treating mining wastewaters around the world have mostly been constructed in temperate environments. Wetlands have yet to be proven in low rainfall, high evaporation environments and such conditions are common in many parts of Australia. BHP Australia Coal is researching whether wetlands have potential in central Queensland to treat coal mining wastewaters. In this region, mean annual rainfall is < 650 mm and evaporation > 2 000 mm. A pilot-scale wetland system has been constructed at an open-cut coal mine. The system comprises six treatment cells, each 125 m long and 10 m wide. The system is described in the paper and some initial results presented. Results over the first fourteen months of operation have shown that although pH has not increased enough to enable reuse or release of the water, sulfate reduction has been observed in parts of the system, as shown by the characteristic black precipitate and smell of hydrogen sulfide emanating from the wetlands. These encouraging signs have led to experiments aimed at identifying the factors limiting sulfate reduction. The first experiment, described herein, included four treatments where straw was overlain by soil and the water level varied, being either at the top of the straw, at the top of the soil, or about 5 cm above the soil. The effect of inoculating with sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated. Two controls were included, one covered and one open, to enable the effect of evaporation to be determined. The final treatment consisted of combined straw/cattle manure overlain with soil. Results showed that sulfate reduction did occur, as demonstrated by pH increases and lowering of sulfate levels. Mean pH of the water was significantly higher after 19 days; in the controls, pH was < 3.3, whereas in the treatments, pH ranged from 5.4 to 6.7. The best improvement in sulfate levels occurred in the straw/cattle manure treatment.

The Long-Term Effect of Ongoing Spruce Decay on Carbon Exchange in Taiga Forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (1) ◽  
pp. 558-561
Author(s):  
D. V. Karelin ◽  
D. G. Zamolodchikov ◽  
A. V. Shilkin ◽  
A. S. Kumanyaev ◽  
S. Yu. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Effect ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Taiga Forests

scholarly journals Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pugh ◽  
M. M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Uk

AbstractErosion rates of wind turbine blades are not constant, and they depend on many external factors including meteorological differences relating to global weather patterns. In order to track the degradation of the turbine blades, it is important to analyse the distribution and change in weather conditions across the country. This case study addresses rainfall in Western Europe using the UK and Ireland data to create a relationship between the erosion rate of wind turbine blades and rainfall for both countries. In order to match the appropriate erosion data to the meteorological data, 2 months of the annual rainfall were chosen, and the differences were analysed. The month of highest rain, January and month of least rain, May were selected for the study. The two variables were then combined with other data including hailstorm events and locations of wind turbine farms to create a general overview of erosion with relation to wind turbine blades.

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