Does state-level per capita income affect juvenile delinquency? An empirical analysis for Indian states

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabamita Dutta ◽  
Dipparna Jana ◽  
Saibal Kar
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
State Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals Does Political Competition Matter for Economic Performance? Evidence from Sub-National Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
State Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
National Data ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Career Concern ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The study utilises data on major Indian states for the period 1980–2004 to explore the impact of political competition on state-level income and fiscal variables. The findings suggest that an increase in political competition leads to an increase in state per capita income and growth. In terms of magnitude, a proportionate increase in political competition, measured in terms of vote margin, raises per capita income by roughly 0.001. Focusing on fiscal variables, the analysis indicates that tighter political competition increases economic expenditure. The evidence also appears consistent with the career concern hypothesis, which suggests that politicians increase developmental spending in order to improve their re-election prospects.

Spatio-temporal variations in agricultural diversification in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ejaz Anwer ◽  
Bimal Kishore Sahoo ◽  
Simantini Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Purpose Agriculture diversification acts as income enhancing as well as distress mitigating strategy. India has witnessed rise in per-capita income which in turn has increased the demand for food particularly high-valued food items but agricultural production has failed to keep pace with the growing demand. The purpose of this paper is to examine spatio-temporal variations in agricultural diversification (AD) in India. Second, the authors try to identify the determinants of AD. Third, the authors examine the convergence hypothesis with reference to agriculture diversification across Indian states. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on the panel data constituting 20 major states of India during 1990–1991 to 2013–2014. It uses Simpson Diversification Index to measure AD. The heteroskedasticity-corrected panel regression model is applied to find out the determinants of AD. The fixed-effects model is used to examine β-convergence in AD across the sample states. Alternative time series models are applied to examine σ-convergence in AD. Findings The rising per-capita income and urbanization are driving dietary diversity towards high-valued crops and providing ample opportunity for AD. But poor and inadequate cold storage facility and rising cost of cultivation are posing major hindrance to it. Small land holding and road length have negatively influenced AD which is contrary to the traditional wisdom. The study found divergence in diversification and rising inequality in diversification. Research limitations/implications The study is based on secondary data. A primary study to complement this could have been better. It is only based on one country. Social implications Food inflation has serious adverse effect on the society at large. It is necessary to promote AD for controlling food price inflation. Minimum support price provided by the government should be extended to all crops; otherwise, it will fuel inflation. Given the fact fragmentation of land holding is adversely affecting AD, community based farming and consolidation of farm land should be the way forward to improve farmers’ income as well as reduce risk. Originality/value To best of the authors’ study, this is the first study that examines determinants of AD and convergence in AD during the high growth period of India.

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MAJOR INDIAN STATES

Paradigm ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
P.V. Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Parts

Infrastructure bottlenecks may impose severe constraints on the process of economic development in India. The pattern of infrastructure development has not been uniform in different parts of the country. In this paper an attempt is made to study the extent of disparities that exist in infrastructure development in major states in India. It has been found that States with higher per capita income are also the ones where better progress has been achieved in infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Income and Unemployment Are Associated with Proportion of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Facilities in US States (OR30-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Benjamin-Neelon ◽  
Sarah Gonzalez-Nahm ◽  
Brian Neelon
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
State Level ◽  
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
American Hospital ◽  
Us States ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Objectives The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global effort designed to enhance the health of mothers and their newborn infants by protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding. Evidence has shown that BFHI hospitals can help reduce disparities in breastfeeding rates—especially in low-income communities. We aimed to evaluate the geographic distribution of BFHI hospitals, considering the socioeconomic factors of income and unemployment in the US. Methods We considered all hospitals within each state. We categorized hospitals as having the BFHI designation (“established”), being on the formal path to obtaining this designation (“emerging”), and not having the designation. We obtained a list of hospitals from the American Hospital Association's annual survey and information on BFHI designation from Baby-Friendly USA. We further obtained state-level employment and income information from census data and ranked states into quintiles for each variable. We then conducted separate one-way analysis of variance tests to compare the mean % of BFHI hospitals and mean state-level 1) per capita income, and 2) unemployment rates separated into quintiles. We examined all BFHI hospitals that were established and emerging separately. Finally, we created maps using ArcGIS, overlaying the location of all hospitals on the socioeconomic data. Results Our sample included 2,589 hospitals from all US states and the District of Columbia. Of those, 519 were established BFHI hospitals (Figure 1) and 298 were emerging (Figure 2). We found that higher unemployment was associated with a greater percentage of emerging but not established BFHI hospitals were present in states in the highest quintile for unemployment (P = 0.01). Similarly for income, we observed a greater percentage of emerging BFHI hospitals in states with both the lowest and highest quintiles of per-capita income (P = 0.003). Conclusions Emerging BFHI hospitals were present at a higher percentage in states in the highest quintile for unemployment and the lowest quintile for income. These emerging hospitals are on the pathway to achieving the BFHI designation, which may ultimately help reduce socioeconomic disparities in breastfeeding. Interestingly, states in the highest quintile for income also had a high percentage of emerging BFHI hospitals. Funding Sources W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

State-level differences in public vocational rehabilitation closures among transition-aged youth with traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Charles Edmund Degeneffe ◽  
Mark Tucker ◽  
Zaccheus James Ahonle
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
State Level ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThis study aimed to understand state-level variation in participation in the State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (State VR) System in the United States among transition-aged youth (persons under the age of 22 years at application for State VR services) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Federal Fiscal Year 2016. A weighted least squares regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of state-level population size, unemployment rate, and per-capita income to the number of State VR closures in each state for transition-aged youth with TBI. Population size and per-capita income significantly predicted closures, while there was no relationship between closures and unemployment rate. Research is needed that further explores and explains state-level disparities in participation among transition-aged youth with TBI.

Relationships among States' Fiscal and Demographic Data and the Implementation of P.L. 94–142

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. McLaughlin ◽  
Maria F. Owings
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Special Education Students ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Study Implementation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Restrictive Settings

This study examined the relationships between state-level fiscal and demographic variables and identification rates and cumulative placement rates for certain categories of special education students in 1976, 1980, and 1983. The study explored the feasibility of using extant national data to study implementation of special education programs. Identification rates for students with learning disabilities and emotional disturbance were associated with level of state per-capita income and proportion of rural school-age population. States with higher per-capita income tended to have higher cumulative placement rates in special classes and all more restrictive settings.

scholarly journals Clusters in the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From the G20 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Meng
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Club Convergence ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This study tests the validity of the club convergence clustering hypothesis in the G20 countries using four measures of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: total number of confirmed cases per million people, new cases per million people, total deaths per million people, and new deaths per million people. The empirical analysis is based on the daily data from March 1, 2020, to October 10, 2020. The results indicate three clusters for the per capita income, two clusters for total cases per million people, and new cases per million people. Besides, there are only one and two clusters for total deaths per million people and new deaths per million people. Potential policy implications are also discussed in detail.

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