Effects of species diversity on seasonal variation in herbage yield and nutritive value of seven binary grass-legume mixtures and pure grass under cutting

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjo Elgersma ◽  
Karen Søegaard
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Herbage Yield

Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. C. Vieira ◽  
C. J. Olivo ◽  
C. B. Adams ◽  
J. C. Sauthier ◽  
L. R. Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Grazing Systems

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in abundance and diversity of butterflies in Bornean rain forests: opposite impacts of logging recorded in different seasons

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Hamer ◽  
J. K. Hill ◽  
N. Mustaffa ◽  
S. Benedick ◽  
T. N. Sherratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Logged Forest

We used traps baited with fruit to examine how the temporal variation of butterflies within primary forest in Sabah, Borneo differed between species. In addition, we compared patterns of temporal variation in primary and selectively logged forest, and we tested the hypothesis that selective logging has different recorded impacts on species diversity of adults during the wet monsoon period and the drier remaining half of the year. Species of Satyrinae and Morphinae had significantly less-restricted flight periods than did species of Nymphalinae and Charaxinae, which were sampled mainly during the drier season, especially in primary forest. Species diversity of adults was significantly higher during the drier season in primary forest, but did not differ between seasons in logged forest. As a consequence, logging had opposite recorded impacts on diversity during wetter and drier seasons: primary forest had significantly higher diversity than logged forest during the drier season but significantly lower diversity than logged forest during the wetter monsoon season. The results of this study have important implications for the assessment of biodiversity in tropical rain forests, particularly in relation to habitat disturbance: short-term assessments that do not take account of seasonal variation in abundance are likely to produce misleading results, even in regions where the seasonal variation in rainfall is not that great.

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

scholarly journals Species convergence into life-forms in a hyperseasonal cerrado in central Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA. Silva ◽  
MA. Batalha
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Community Convergence

Whether the functional structure of ecological communities is deterministic or historically contingent is still quite controversial. However, recent experimental tests did not find effects of species composition variation on trait convergence and therefore the environmental constraints should play the major role on community convergence into functional groups. Seasonal cerrados are characterized by a sharp seasonality, in which the water shortage defines the community functioning. Hyperseasonal cerrados experience additionally waterlogging in the rainy season. Here, we asked whether waterlogging modifies species convergences into life-forms in a hyperseasonal cerrado. We studied a hyperseasonal cerrado, comparing it with a nearby seasonal cerrado, never waterlogged, in Emas National Park, central Brazil. In each area, we sampled all vascular plants by placing 40 plots of 1 m² plots in four surveys. We analyzed the species convergences into life-forms in both cerrados using the Raunkiaer's life-form spectrum and the index of divergence from species to life-form diversity (IDD). The overall life-form spectra and IDDs were not different, indicating that waterlogging did not affect the composition of functional groups in the hyperseasonal cerrado. However, there was a seasonal variation in IDD values only in the hyperseasonal cerrado. As long as we did not find a seasonal variation in life-form diversity, the seasonal variation of convergence into life-forms in the hyperseasonal cerrado was a consequence of the seasonal variation of species diversity. Because of high functional redundancy of cerrado plants, waterlogging promoted a floristic replacement without major changes in functional groups. Thus, waterlogging in the hyperseasonal cerrado promoted seasonal changes in species convergence into life-forms by reducing species diversity.

Species Diversity and Seasonal Variation of Butterfly Fauna in Thankot and Syuchatar VDC of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Gita Thapa ◽  
Daya Ram Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
Troides Aeacus

Diversity of butterfly was studied in Thankot and Syuchatar VDCs of Kathmandu District, during June 2007-March 2008. A total of 43 species of butterflies belonging to 32 genera and 9 families were recorded with Nymphalidae as the most commonly recorded family and Libytheidae and Acreidae are the least represented families. The species were collected in summer and winter seasons. Bushes, cultivated land, open field and forest were selected to study the habitats of butterflies. Bushes were found to be the most preferable habitat. Seasonal variation was also observed in some species. Three species namely Ypthima baldus, Ypthima nareda and Precis iphita showed color variation. Troides aeacus, a CITES listed species was also observed in this region. Key words: Acreidae; Libytheidae; Nymphalidae; Seasonal variation; Troides aeacus.. Journal of Natural History MuseumVol. 24, 2009,Page: 9-15 

Dairy Effluent Effects on Herbage Yield and Nutritive Value of Forage Cropping Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisoondat Macoon ◽  
Kenneth R. Woodard ◽  
Lynn E. Sollenberger ◽  
Edwin C. French ◽  
Kenneth M. Portier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Herbage Yield

Further investigations of the nutritive value of swill: starch equivalent, and seasonal variation in the composition and feeding value of concentrated swill

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Made In

An attempt has been made in the present communication to assess the value for pigs of urban swill collected during the winter months, when the main ingredients are potato peelings, cabbage leaves and other vegetable residues, and also during the summer months, at which period of the year the quality of the swill is at its lowest level, the product containing substantial proportions of pea pods, cabbage leaves and cabbage stalks. The form known as concentrated swill was used in the digestion trials, since regular and adequate supplies of this could be guaranteed, and, being already cooked, it did not require any heat treatment before feeding.Chemical analysis showed that the winter swill, on account of the presence of the potato peelings, was distinctly richer in N-free extractives than the summer product. The latter, however, was richer i n protein and lime, and, as a result of the replacement of potato peelings by pea pods as the main ingredient, displayed a much more fibrous character than the winter swill.

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