In vitro dissolution similarity factor (f2) and in vivo bioequivalence criteria, how and when do they match? Using a BCS class II drug as a simulation example

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the BCS class II poorly water-soluble drug ambrisentan by solid dispersion (SD) techniques using Gelucire 50/13 as a hydrophilic carrier. Methods: Solid dispersion of ambrisentan was prepared by kneading method using different dug: carrier ratios. Prepared SD was characterized for solubility, drug content, percentage yield, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo permeation and bioavailability. Solid-state characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: All the SDs formulations showed increase in drug solubility and dissolution when compared with its pure form. Aqueous solubility of the drug was found to be increased 8.23 fold in SD. DSC study showed that endothermic peak of the drug was disappeared in spectra of SD, confirming its amorphous conversion, XRD study revealed the reduction to almost absence of specific high-intensity peaks of drug which confirmed the reduction of crysatallinity of ambrisentan in SD. SEM of optimized SD formulation demonstrates the complete encapsulation and solubilization drug. In vitro dissolution study showed that optimized SD formulation (ASD4) gives the faster drug release of 101.5% in 60 min, as compare to its pure form and other SD formulations. Conclusion: Solid dispersion ASD4 prepared with 1:4 drug to carrier ratio showed the highest drug solubility and in vitro dissolution. The ex vivo and in vivo studies performed on optimized formulation ASD4 showed enhancement in drug permeability and bioavailability in Gelucire 50/13 based SD formulation.

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Dissolution Effect of Gastric and Intestinal pH fora BCS class II drug, Pioglitazone: New in vitro Dissolution System to Predict in vivo Dissolution

Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability ◽

10.4172/jbb.1000162 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 05 (06) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yasuhiro Tsume

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Bcs Class Ii ◽

In Vivo Dissolution

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Improved Bioavailability of Oxcarbazepine, a BCS class II drug by Centrifugal Melt Spinning: In-vitro and in-vivo Implications

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120775 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 120775

Author(s):

Sidra Nasir ◽

Amjad Hussain ◽

Nasir Abbas ◽

Nadeem Irfan Bukhari ◽

Fahad Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Melt Spinning ◽

Class Ii ◽

Bcs Class Ii

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Improved Efficacy of Lovastatin from Soluplus-PEG Hybrid Polymer- Based Binary Dispersions

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216666191218142852 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1164-1171

Author(s):

Radhika Verma ◽

Manju Nagpal ◽

Thakur G. Singh ◽

Manjinder Singh ◽

Geeta Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Solid Dispersions ◽

Class Ii ◽

Hybrid Polymer ◽

In Vitro Drug Release ◽

In Vivo Efficacy ◽

Bcs Class Ii ◽

Individual Polymer

Background: Lovastatin is a statin drug used for lowering cholesterol in those with hypercholesterolemia to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is a BCS class II drug i.e. it has low aqueous solubility and high permeability. Objective: Improvement of solubility and in vivo efficacy was investigated by formulating binary solid dispersions. Methods: Binary solid dispersions of lovastatin were formulated in the current study using two polymers i.e. Soluplus and PEG 4000. Seven batches of solid dispersions were prepared (S1, P1, SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4, and SP5) via the solvent evaporation method. The prepared dispersions were evaluated for equilibrium solubility, FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM studies, and further in vitro drug release were evaluated. The results revealed significant enhancement in the solubility of drug-using polymer hybrids as compared to that of individual polymer dispersion batches. Results: A significant solubility enhancement was observed with SP5 (approx 40 times) having a higher concentration of Soluplus. FTIR studies indicated no drug to polymer interaction. DSC studies revealed complete amorphization of polymer and also X-RD data is also in compliance with DSC results. In vitro drug release studies showed almost 100% release in 2h in polymer hybrid batches in comparison to individual polymer batch (S1 and P1). The best dissolution characteristics were observed in SP3 and SP5 which is also in compliance with solubility data. Further in vivo efficacy studies revealed a significant reduction in LDL, HDL, TG, AST, and ALT levels in comparison to pure drug lovastatin group and hypercholesterolemia control group. Conclusion: Hybrid polymer may be a prospective carrier system for the enhancement of solubility of BCS class II drugs.

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Comparative study of different meloxicam generic products with the brand product

Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.32947/ajps.19.04.0424 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 116-124

Keyword(s):

Immediate Release ◽

Generic Product ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Profile ◽

Innovator Product ◽

Similarity Factor ◽

Generic Products ◽

Brand Product

This study aims to evaluate different products of meloxicam Table; Five meloxicam immediate-release generic products (15 mg Tables) were compared with the innovator, reference product, (Mobic®, Boehringer) to find the interchangeable product with the innovator product. Different physical tests were conducted including weight uniformity, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability and disintegration test. In addition, prediction of in-vivo behavior was assessed by measuring the dissolution profile of meloxicam for all the products. Similarity factor (f2) was calculated to compare between the dissolution profile of the generic products with the dissolution profile of innovator product. The results revealed that all the studied products are complied with the British Pharmacopoeia requirements. However, not all of them showed similar in-vitro profile to the brand product. Four out of five generic products, included in this study, showed similarity in dissolution profile to the brand one, which indicates possible bio-equivalency, with the advantages of money saving of using such generic products. One generic product showed similarity factor less than 50, which might give an indication that this generic product is not capable to be bioequivalent with the brand (innovator) product. Overall, this study can be considered an important applicable study that gives an indication about the in-vivo performance of different products. In addition, the study demonstrates the applicability of a simple in-vitro dissolution study as a surrogate way of assessing product bioavailability instead of an expensive and complicated in-vivo bioequivalent study.

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