Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara Dalam Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah Kabupaten Asahan Tahun 2020

This study aims to find out and analyze the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus in the 2020 Asahan district head election as well as to describe and analyze what factors and obstacles to the non-neutrality of the state civil apparatus in the 2020 Asahan District Head General Election. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with descriptive analytical method. This study uses a qualitative approach that produces descriptive data in the form of recording researchers and facts that will be found in the field. This study uses the theory of bureaucracy according to Weber (1974) and the theory of neutrality according to Amin which states that neutral means not taking sides and not being involved. The results of this study revealed a lack of neutrality for ASN in Asahan Regency as evidenced by violations involving 8 ASN and field facts based on observations and interviews. Meanwhile, the factors that lead to the occurrence of violations are the position factor and the group similarity factor. From the research that has been carried out, it was found that the application of this neutrality rule has obstacles in the form of obstacles from the ASN body itself, the suboptimal monitoring system carried out by Bawaslu and KASN, public understanding of ASN neutrality, and the absence of a budget for monitoring ASN neutrality in the PILKADA of the Asahan Regency Government.

Alternative Methods for Dissolution Profile Comparison in the Dissolution Test

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of assessing the similarity of the dissolution profiles of two batches of the nebivolol. The use of a generally accepted similarity factor for assessing equivalence is unacceptable in some cases, for example, for drugs with a high variability in the values of the release of the active substance from the formulation. At the same time, at present, there are no generally accepted approaches to comparing the profiles of the dissolution kinetics of drugs, with the exception of the method for assessing the comparability of profiles based on the mathematical calculation of the similarity factor f2, which has certain criteria that limit its application.Aim. To demonstrate alternative methods for assessing the similarity between the dissolution profiles of two drugs using a practical example.Materials and methods. The results of the comparative dissolution test of two series of nebivolol at a dosage of 5 mg. Five model-independent methods for assessing the equivalence of drug dissolution were used. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel software.Results and discussion. The paper presents a practical example of using five alternative model-independent methods for assessing the equivalence of the dissolution profile. An example is used to illustrate the proposed equivalence limits and statistical methodology. Also, various approaches to determining the boundaries of equivalence have been proposed to assess the similarity of the dissolution profiles of an active substance.Conclusion. According to the results of the comparative dissolution test of two batches of nebivolol, it was shown that the use of the similarity factor as a criterion for assessing dissolution profiles led to a false positive result. In such cases, the possibility of using alternative methods for assessing the equivalence of dissolution profiles described in the article, or other methods presented in the scientific literature, should be considered, with a justification of their acceptability in each specific case.

Diagnostic of Injury Risk in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Based On Shape Context Description of the Intercondylar Notch Curvature

An estimated number of 300,000 new anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur each year in the United States. Although several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based ACL diagnostics methods have already been proposed in the literature, most of them are based on machine learning or deep learning strategies, which are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a diagnostics framework for the risk of injury in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) based on the application of the inner-distance shape context (IDSC) to describe the curvature of the intercondylar notch from MR images. First, the contours of the intercondylar notch curvature from 91 MR images of the distal end of the femur (70 healthy and 21 with confirmed ACL injury) were extracted manually using standard image processing tools. Next, the IDSC was applied to calculate the similarity factor between the extracted contours and reference standard curvatures. Finally, probability density functions of the similarity factor data were obtained through parametric statistical inference, and the accuracy of the ACL injury risk diagnostics framework was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). The overall results for the area under the curve (AUC) showed that method reached a maximum accuracy of about 66%. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity results showed that an optimum discrimination threshold value for the similarity factor can be pursued that minimizes the incidence of false positives and false positives simultaneously.

Formulation and Evaluation of Colchicine Sustained release tablet by using factorial designs

The study on the effect of polymer concentration on in vitro drug release profile revealed that there is a change in vitro drug release parameters (t50, t80, and MDT) with a change in polymer concentration. Fraction of HPMC K4M, HPMC K 100 M, and Ethyl Cellulose were required to be 15, 10, and 7 mg respectively for designing optimized batch F7. The release rate of Colchicine decreased proportionally with an increase in the concentration of ethyl Cellulose and HPMC K100 M. Also the high amount of HPMC K4M leads to the less initial release and sustain effect. A theoretical drug release profile was generated using pharmacokinetic parameters of Colchicine. The value of t50 and t80 of theoretical drug release profile was found to be 242 min and 529 min respectively. The similarity factor f2 was applied between the in vitro drug release profile of optimizing batches and theoretical profile, which indicate a decent similarity between all in vitro drug release profiles (f2 = 68.28 for F7). All the batches except F1shows the value of f2 value within a range. Batch F7 showed the highest f2 (f2 = 68.28) among all the batches and this similarity was also reflected in t50 (≈ 256 min) and t80 (≈ 554 min) values. A 23 full factorial design was applied to systemically optimize in vitro drug release profile. The HPMC K4M (X1), Concentration of HPMC K100 M (X2), and concentration of EC (X3) were selected as independent variables. The time required for 50% drug released (t50), the time required for 80% drug release (t80), similarity factor f2, and mean dissolution time (MDT) were selected as dependent variables. The results of full factorial design indicate that the HPMC K4M (X1), Concentration of HPMC K100 M (X2), and concentration of EC (X3) have a significant effect on in vitro drug release profile. To find out the release mechanism the in vitro release data were fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. All Batches except F1 and F3 show Anomalous diffusion-controlled release (combined mechanism of diffusion and case II transport).

DoE-Based Design of a Simple but Efficient Preparation Method for a Non-Effervescent Gastro-Retentive Floating Tablet Containing Metformin HCl

A sustained-release non-effervescent floating matrix tablet was prepared using a simple and efficient direct compression of spray-dried granules containing metformin hydrochloride and cetyl alcohol with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K15M (HPMC K15M). The design of experiments was employed to explore the optimal composition of the tablet. The similarity factor was employed to evaluate the equivalence in dissolution profiles between the test tablets and Glucophage XR as a reference. Bootstrap analysis was used to eliminate the formulations for which the dissolution profile was potentially inequivalent to that of the reference. The optimized tablet consisting of 150 mg of cetyl alcohol and 17% HPMC K15M showed a dissolution profile comparable with that of the reference with a similarity factor of 52.41, exhibited a floating lag time of less than 3 s in buffer media, remained floating for 24 h, and reduced the tablet weight by about 20% compared to that of the reference. The current study sheds light on the potential use of non-effervescent gastro-retentive extended-release tablets for high-dose drugs using a simple and efficient direct compression method, and as a potential alternative treatment for Glucophage XR. This study also highlights the importance of a systematic approach to formulation optimization and the evaluation of the dissolution profile.

Penerapan Metode Clustering dengan Fuzzy C-Means untuk Memetakan Daerah Rawan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas di Surakarta

Along with the development of Surakarta's infrastructure, the need for transportation has also increased. Indirectly, it will also cause several problems that must be considered, such as traffic accidents. Data regarding traffic accidents can be used to classify road sections based on the characteristic similarity factor inherent in the data. The sample data used were 1429 accident data from 89 road data in the city of Surakarta. The clustering method used to get the expected results is the Fuzzy C-Means method. The results of accident data grouping are displayed using tables and maps that describe the mapping of road sections in the jurisdiction of the Surakarta City Police. The variables used to cluster data are the number of events, the number of victims who died, and the number of injured victims. The result of this research is a system application that can classify accident-prone areas using the Fuzzy C-Means method into 3 clusters, where the first cluster consists of 5 data, the second cluster consists of 20 data, and the third cluster consists of 64 data.

HUBUNGAN KONTEMPORER MALAYSIA–INDONESIA: TAHAP PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMAHAMAN GEN X DAN Y MALAYSIA

Looking at the relations between Malaysia-Indonesia, it could be seen that society has the power to direct the bilateral relations between two countries. In comparison, Indonesian society is more responsive than Malaysian society in responding to particular issues related to both countries. The most active group is generally from the younger generation known as Generation Y (Gen Y) where their reactions tend to be provocative. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the knowledge and perceptions of Gen Y and Gen X at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) on the Malaysia-Indonesia bilateral relationship and the factors that influence their knowledge and perception. This paper uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of the study showed that respondents accepted Indonesia as an important neighbor because of the current state's interests. The cultural and social aspects, particularly audio-visual products such as Indonesian soap operas and Indonesian pop songs have the most significant influence in influencing the respondents' level of knowledge about Indonesia. In addition, they also get a lot of information about Indonesia through electronic media. An important finding from this study is that all respondents acknowledge that Indonesia is still relevant as Malaysia's closest neighbor based on the similarity factor and those good relations between the two countries need to be maintained.

Optimizing similarity factor of in vitro drug release profile for development of early stage formulation of drug using linear regression model

The objective of this article is to optimize the similarity factor within immediate release (IR) and modified release (MR) of in vitro drug release profiles. The least square method is used to minimize the difference between empirical and regression curve fitting data of in vitro IR/MR drug release profiles. An estimation of percentage drug release at intermediate timepoints has been done to improve the similarity factor $f_{2}$ f 2 using linear curve fit method. In this study linear regression model is used to analyze the similarity factor $f_{2}$ f 2 for Nitrofurantoin MR Capsules, Venlafaxine HCl MR Tablets and Lurasidone IR Tablets in order to exhibit the significance as well as similarity owing to the consideration of extra intervening timepoints. This linear regression model may help pharmaceutical industries to examine the inside comparison of IR/MR in vitro drug release profile with few modifications in timepoint selection to improve similarity factor $f_{2}$ f 2 .

Analysis of the Ignition Behavior Based on Similarity Factor Method

The chemical kinetics mechanism is an important factor to accurately predict the combustion characteristics of constant-volume bomb (CVB). In this study, an n-heptane oxidation mechanism constructed by Wang et al. is introduced to study the correlation of the ignition behaviors with the mechanism constructed by Chang et al. The effects of the similarity factor method in the analysis of ignition behaviors of fuel in CVB were repeatedly verified by changing the important spraying parameters: injection pressure and hole diameter. Through further verification, it was found that the combustion process was controlled at approximately 850 K and stoichiometric ratio mixture of fuel/air in CVB, which corresponds to the negative temperature coefficient region at stoichiometric ratio mixture in shock tube (ST). The mechanism verified by the experiment under the condition in ST can reflect the chemical ignition in CVB. In addition, the similarity factor method was less dependent on the chemical reaction mechanism and boundary conditions.