Electrospinning is a highly efficient technology for fabrication of a wide variety of polymeric
nanofibers. However, the development of traditional needle-based electrospinning has been hampered
by its low productivity and need of tedious work dealing with needles cleaning, installation and
uninstallation. As one of the most promising needleless electrospinning means, bubble electrospinning
is known for its advantages of high productivity and relatively low energy consumption due to the introduction
of a third force, air flow, as a major force overcoming the surface tension. In this paper, the
restrictions of conventional electrospinning and the advantages of needleless electrospinning, especially
the bubble electrospinning were elaborated. Reports and patents on bubble-spun nanofibers with
unique surface morphologies were also reviewed in respect of their potential applications.
Immobilization of vaginal Lactobacillus in polymeric nanofibers for its incorporation in vaginal probiotic products
