Observed changes in heavy daily precipitation over the Nordic-Baltic region

The paper characterizes the 3 associations comprising plant communities with Sphagnum rubellum in the south-eastern part of the Baltic region. The new syntaxa differ from each other both in their floristic characters and the pronounced affinity to definite regional mire types and particular habitats. The ass. Drosero-Sphagnetum rubelli is typical of the relatively most thorough ranges. It is observed from the Kaliningrad region to the Karelian Isthmus and, according to the published reference, occurs even throughout the whole area around the Baltic Sea. Its most typical habitat is that of margins of mire lakes and pools. The ass. Eriophoro-Sphagnetum rubelli occurs in central plateaus of convex plateau-like bogs, typical of the areas adjacent to the Baltic Sea coast. It occupies extended flat mire ecotopes with the water level 0.2–0.25 m deep. The ass. Empetro-Sphagnetum rubelli is characteristic of the retrogressive complex in the convex bogs of the East-Baltic Province. It is mostly observed along the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Its stands are rather dynamic and unstable in both space and time. The presence of communities comprised by these 3 associations is an important vegetation character of the series of regional mire types. Assuming an association level of the respective syntaxa seems rational for the purposes of adequate reflection of plant cover diversity.

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FEATURES OF DESIGNING BIKE PATHS IN ST.PETERSBURG BASED ON ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF THE BALTIC REGION

the System analysis and logistics ◽

10.31799/2007-5687-2020-4-122-130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (26) ◽

pp. 122-130

Author(s):

A. A. Dobrovolskaya ◽

Keyword(s):

Traffic Volume ◽

Design Methods ◽

Baltic Region ◽

Analytical Information ◽

The World ◽

Lane Width ◽

The Baltic ◽

Specific Section

The article deals with statistics on the development of Bicycle roads in Russia and in the world, as well as design methods for a specific section of the connection of Bicycle routes in St. Petersburg. The article discusses the experience of using and entering bike paths based on the experience of Finland, as well as the types of bike paths and infrastructure features for metropolises. A model for creating a bike path by partially narrowing the roadway, graphical functions, and analytical information are provided. Practical examples of changing the infrastructure for bike paths are given. Keywords: bike path, traffic volume, design the roadway, lane width.

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Annual Variability in Summer Evapotranspiration and Water Balance at a Subarctic Forest Site

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1994.0012 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 331-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Peter M. Lafleur

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Daily Precipitation ◽

The Other ◽

Forest Site ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Surface Moisture ◽

Equilibrium Evaporation ◽

Subarctic Forest ◽

Single Regression

Evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation were measured during five summers (1989-1993 inclusive) at a subarctic forest site near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Mean daily ET varied from 2.14-3.18 mm d−1 during the five summers, while mean daily precipitation (P) ranged from 1.46-3.15 mm d−1. Yearly variability in summer ET was most influenced by availability of surface moisture, then by atmospheric conditions (i.e. temperature), and least of all by net radiation. In four of the five years total summer ET exceeded P resulting in significant soil water deficits and in the other year summer ET and P were similar in magnitude. The use of equilibrium evaporation (EE) as a predictor of ET was explored. Separate relationships between ET and EE were computed for all five years. Three statistically dissimilar groups of equations were found: 1989/1990, 1991/ 1992, and 1993. A single regression equation describing all years is presented.

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Variability of radiosonde-observed precipitable water in the Baltic region*

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2005.0032 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 36 (4-5) ◽

pp. 423-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Jakobson ◽

H. Ohvril ◽

O. Okulov ◽

N. Laulainen

Keyword(s):

Water Vapour ◽

Precipitable Water ◽

Linear Functions ◽

Water Vapour Pressure ◽

Baltic Region ◽

Geographical Latitude ◽

Linear Formula ◽

Annual Means ◽

The Baltic ◽

Two Parameters

The total mass of columnar water vapour (precipitable water, W) is an important parameter of atmospheric thermodynamic and radiative models. In this work more than 60 000 radiosonde observations from 17 aerological stations in the Baltic region over 14 years, 1989–2002, were used to examine the variability of precipitable water. A table of monthly and annual means of W for the stations is given. Seasonal means of W are expressed as linear functions of the geographical latitude degree. A linear formula is also derived for parametrisation of precipitable water as a function of two parameters – geographical latitude and surface water vapour pressure.

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