Techno-economic study of the impact of blackouts on the viability of connecting an off-grid PV-diesel hybrid system in Tanzania to the national power grid

The operation and the development of power system networks introduce new types of stability problems. The effect of the power generation and consumption on the frequency of the power system can be described as a demand/generation imbalance resulting from a sudden increase/decrease in the demand and/or generation. This paper investigates the impact of a loss of generation on the transient behaviour of the power grid frequency. A simplified power system model is proposed to examine the impact of change of the main generation system parameters (system inertia, governor droop setting, load damping constant, and the high-pressure steam turbine power fraction), on the primary frequency response in responding to the disturbance of a 1.32 GW generation loss on the UK power grid. Various rates of primary frequency responses are simulated via adjusting system parameters of the synchronous generators to enable the controlled generators providing a fast-reliable primary frequency response within 10 s after a loss of generation. It is concluded that a generation system inertia and a governor droop setting are the most dominant parameters that effect the system frequency response after a loss of generation. Therefore, for different levels of generation loss, the recovery rate will be dependent on the changes of the governor droop setting values. The proposed model offers a fundamental basis for a further investigation to be carried on how a power system will react during a secondary frequency response.

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Computer Model for Financial, Environmental and Risk Analysis of a Wind–Diesel Hybrid System with Compressed Air Energy Storage

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12214054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 4054 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Youssef Benchaabane ◽

Rosa Elvira Silva ◽

Hussein Ibrahim ◽

Adrian Ilinca ◽

Ambrish Chandra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Computer Model ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Compressed Air ◽

Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽

The Impact

Remote and isolated communities in Canada experience gaps in access to stable energy sources and must rely on diesel generators for heat and electricity. However, the cost and environmental impact resulting from the use of fossil fuels, especially in local energy production, heating, industrial processes and transportation are compelling reasons to support the development and deployment of renewable energy hybrid systems. This paper presents a computer model for economic analysis and risk assessment of a wind–diesel hybrid system with compressed air energy storage. The proposed model is developed from the point of view of the project investor and it includes technical, financial, risk and environmental analysis. Robustness is evaluated through sensitivity analysis. The model has been validated by comparing the results of a wind–diesel case study against those obtained using HOMER (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States) and RETScreen (Natural Resources Canada, Government of Canada, Canada) software. The impact on economic performance of adding energy storage system in a wind–diesel hybrid system has been discussed. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of such hybrid system as a suitable power generator in terms of high net present value and internal rate of return, low cost of energy, as well as low risk assessment. In addition, the environmental impact is positive since less fuel is used.

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A Tale of Two Entities

ACM Transactions on Internet of Things ◽

10.1145/3437258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Hossam ElHussini ◽

Chadi Assi ◽

Bassam Moussa ◽

Ribal Atallah ◽

Ali Ghrayeb

Keyword(s):

Power Flow ◽

Power Grid ◽

Communication Protocols ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Electric Vehicle Charging ◽

Public Data ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Charging Stations ◽

The Impact ◽

Ev Charging

With the growing market of Electric Vehicles (EV), the procurement of their charging infrastructure plays a crucial role in their adoption. Within the revolution of Internet of Things, the EV charging infrastructure is getting on board with the introduction of smart Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS), a myriad set of communication protocols, and different entities. We provide in this article an overview of this infrastructure detailing the participating entities and the communication protocols. Further, we contextualize the current deployment of EVCSs through the use of available public data. In the light of such a survey, we identify two key concerns, the lack of standardization and multiple points of failures, which renders the current deployment of EV charging infrastructure vulnerable to an array of different attacks. Moreover, we propose a novel attack scenario that exploits the unique characteristics of the EVCSs and their protocol (such as high power wattage and support for reverse power flow) to cause disturbances to the power grid. We investigate three different attack variations; sudden surge in power demand, sudden surge in power supply, and a switching attack. To support our claims, we showcase using a real-world example how an adversary can compromise an EVCS and create a traffic bottleneck by tampering with the charging schedules of EVs. Further, we perform a simulation-based study of the impact of our proposed attack variations on the WSCC 9 bus system. Our simulations show that an adversary can cause devastating effects on the power grid, which might result in blackout and cascading failure by comprising a small number of EVCSs.

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Overviewing of the Impact of Wind Farm Integration on Power Grid

2019 IEEE International Conference on Modern Electrical and Energy Systems (MEES) ◽

10.1109/mees.2019.8896553 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abdelmajid Berdai ◽

Anass Gourma ◽

Moussa Reddak ◽

Valerii Tytiuk

Keyword(s):

Wind Farm ◽

Power Grid ◽

The Impact ◽

Wind Farm Integration

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Optimal Pricing Strategy of Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Promoting Green Behavior Based on Time and Space Dimensions

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2020/8890233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Xiaomin Xu ◽

Dongxiao Niu ◽

Yan Li ◽

Lijie Sun

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Optimization Problems ◽

Power Grid ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Pricing Strategy ◽

Optimal Pricing ◽

Electricity Pricing ◽

Optimal Pricing Strategy ◽

Charging Stations ◽

The Impact

Considering that the charging behaviors of users of electric vehicles (EVs) (including charging time and charging location) are random and uncertain and that the disorderly charging of EVs brings new challenges to the power grid, this paper proposes an optimal electricity pricing strategy for EVs based on region division and time division. Firstly, by comparing the number of EVs and charging stations in different districts of a city, the demand ratio of charging stations per unit is calculated. Secondly, according to the demand price function and the principle of profit maximization, the charging price between different districts of a city is optimized to guide users to charge in districts with more abundant charging stations. Then, based on the results of the zonal pricing strategy, the time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy in different districts is discussed. In the TOU pricing model, consumer satisfaction, the profit of power grid enterprises, and the load variance of the power grid are considered comprehensively. Taking the optimization of the comprehensive index as the objective function, the TOU pricing optimization model of EVs is constructed. Finally, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is introduced to solve the above optimization problems. The specific data of EVs in a municipality directly under the Central Government are taken as examples for this analysis. The empirical results demonstrate that the peak-to-valley ratio of a certain day in the city is reduced from 56.8% to 43% by using the optimal pricing strategy, which further smooth the load curve and alleviates the impact of load fluctuation. To a certain extent, the problem caused by the uneven distribution of electric vehicles and charging stations has been optimized. An orderly and reasonable electricity pricing strategy can guide users to adjust charging habits, to ensure grid security, and to ensure the economic benefits of all parties.

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