Energy and GHG emission efficiency in the Chilean manufacturing industry: Sectoral and regional analysis by DEA and Malmquist indexes

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 290-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Pérez ◽  
Marcela C. González-Araya ◽  
Alfredo Iriarte
Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baboo Gowreesunker ◽  
Savvas Tassou ◽  
James Atuonwu

This paper investigates and outlines a cost-energy optimised pathway for the UK food manufacturing industry to attain the national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction target of 80%, relative to 1990 levels, by 2050. The paper employs the linear programming platform TIMES, and it models the current and future technology mix of the UK food manufacturing industry. The model considers parameters such as capital costs, operating costs, efficiency and the lifetime of technologies to determine the cheapest pathway to achieve the GHG emission constraints. The model also enables future parametric analyses and can predict the influence of different economic, trade and dietary preferences and the impact of technological investments and policies on emissions. The study showed that for the food manufacturing industry to meet the emission reduction targets by 2050 the use of natural gas as the dominant source of energy in the industry at present, will have to be replaced by decarbonised grid electricity and biogas. This will require investments in Anaerobic Digestion (AD), Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants driven by biogas and heat pumps powered by decarbonised electricity.


Author(s):  
Lei Di ◽  
Gaurav Manish Shah ◽  
Yiran Yang ◽  
Cuicui Wei

Abstract The manufacturing industry is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Additive manufacturing, owing to its multiple advantages, plays a critical role in innovating the current manufacturing industry, especially from a supply chain perspective. Currently, the majority of research on GHG emissions in the manufacturing industry is focused on traditional manufacturing, either single processes in the supply chain or specific case studies, indicating the lack of models on GHG emissions in additive manufacturing-enabled supply chain structures. In this work, a mathematical model is established to estimate the GHG emissions in both traditional manufacturing and additive manufacturing-enabled supply chains. To explore the advantages of additive manufacturing in terms of fast production and reduced or even eliminated the need for assembly and labor involvement, a unique integrated production-inventory-transportation structure is investigated in additive manufacturing case studies. The results indicate that a potential reduction of 26.43% of GHG emissions can be achieved by adopting the additive manufacturing technique in the supply chain. Also, the impacts of rush order rate, emission intensity, and vehicle GHG emission constant rate on the overall GHG emissions are investigated in the sensitivity analysis. Results indicate that a 20% variation in GHG emission intensity (the amount of CO2eq emissions caused by generating a unit of electricity) can lead to a 6.26% change in the total GHG emissions in additive manufacturing.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Ushakov

В статье рассматривается вопрос различия социальноэкономического развития субъектов между собой по различным статистическим показателям. Для этого был рассчитан специальный коэффициент, с помощью которого проанализировано развитие субъектов по отношению друг к другу и динамика этого коэффициента. Для его полнейшего анализа был взят период с 2005 по 2017 г. с рассмотрением трехлетних периодов и каждого года в отдельности. Были посчитаны значения коэффициента по всем регионам с выделением регионов с наибольшими и наименьшими значениями. Показаны субъекты с наиболее положительной или отрицательной динамикой данного коэффициента. В ходе анализа коэффициента были выявлены взаимосвязи развития регионов между собой в период социальноэкономических кризисов и восстановительного периода после них. Было определено, что развитие регионов зависело от их специализации, экономикогеографического и транспортногеографического положения, агломерационного эффекта, а также качества управления. На примере субъектов Дальневосточного региона был произведен региональный анализ данного коэффициента. Особенным отличием Дальнего Востока от других регионов являлось то, что это территория нового освоения с активным развитием добывающих производств. Были даны объяснения динамики коэффициента на примере субъектов этого региона с их определенной особенностью. Была выделена взаимосвязь между коэффициентом сравнения социальноэкономических показателей с размером ВРП на душу населения и их сходная динамика. Также было установлено, что высокие показатели коэффициента прежде всего зависят от наличия добывающей промышленности в субъектах и от ее высокой доли в структуре ВРП. Другие факторы для этого коэффициента оказались менее значимы. К ним можно отнести обрабатывающие производства, транспорт, наличие больших и крупных городов для субъектов Дальнего Востока. Также была выявлена взаимосвязь динамики коэффициента по годам среди субъектов и вызвавшие их социальноэкономические явления. Как было установлено, динамика коэффициента сравнения социальноэкономических показателей имело общую характеристику для большинства субъектов Дальневосточного региона.The article considers the issue of differences in the socioeconomic development of the subjects among themselves according to various statistical indicators. For this, a special coefficient was calculated, with the help of which the development of regions in relation to each other and the dynamics of this coefficient are analyzed. For its fullest analysis, took the period from 2005 to 2017 with a consideration of threeyear periods and each year separately. The coefficient values were calculated for all regions with the allotment of regions with the largest and smallest values. The subjects with the most positive or negative dynamics of this coefficient are shown. During the analysis of the coefficient, the interconnections of the development of regions among themselves during the period of socioeconomic crises and the recovery period after them were revealed. It was determined that the development of regions depended on their specialization, economicgeographical and transportgeographical position, agglomeration effect, as well as the quality of management. On the example of the subjects of the Far Eastern region, a regional analysis of this coefficient was carried out. A special difference between the Far East and other regions was that this territory of new mastering with the active development of extractive industries. Explanations of the dynamics of the coefficient were given by the example of the subjects of this region with their specific feature. The relationship between the coefficient of comparison of socioeconomic indicators with the size of GRP per capita and their similar dynamics was highlighted. It was also found that high coefficient ratios primarily depend on the availability of extractive industries in the subjects and, first of all, on its high share in the structure of GRP. Other factors for this coefficient were less significant. These include manufacturing industry, transport, the presence of large and large cities for the subjects of the Far East. The relationship between the dynamics of the coefficient over the years among the regions and the socioeconomic phenomena that caused them was also revealed. As it was established, the dynamics of the coefficient of comparison of socioeconomic indicators bore a common characteristic for most subjects of the Far Eastern region.


2020 ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
I. A. Bashmakov

The article presents the key results of scenario projections that underpinned the Strategy for long-term low carbon economic development of the Russian Federation to 2050, including analysis of potential Russia’s GHG emission mitigation commitments to 2050 and assessment of relevant costs, benefits, and implications for Russia’s GDP. Low carbon transformation of the Russian economy is presented as a potential driver for economic growth that offers trillions-of-dollars-worth market niches for low carbon products by mid-21st century. Transition to low carbon economic growth is irreversible. Lagging behind in this technological race entails a security risk and technological backwardness hazards.


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