scholarly journals Overview of Biomass Conversion to Electricity and Hydrogen and Recent Developments in Low-Temperature Electrochemical Approaches

Engineering ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1351-1363
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Congmin Liu ◽  
Parikshit Gogoi ◽  
Yulin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Recent Developments

CO2-based hydrogen storage – Hydrogen generation from formaldehyde/water

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Trincado ◽  
Hansjörg Grützmacher ◽  
Martin H. G. Prechtl
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Carrier Molecule ◽  
Hydrogen Carrier ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Aqueous Formaldehyde

AbstractFormaldehyde (CH2O) is the simplest and most significant industrially produced aldehyde. The global demand is about 30 megatons annually. Industrially it is produced by oxidation of methanol under energy intensive conditions. More recently, new fields of application for the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives as, i.e. cross-linker for resins or disinfectant, have been suggested. Dialkoxymethane has been envisioned as a combustion fuel for conventional engines or aqueous formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde may act as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier molecule (LOHC) for hydrogen generation to be used for hydrogen fuel cells. For the realization of these processes, it requires less energy-intensive technologies for the synthesis of formaldehyde. This overview summarizes the recent developments in low-temperature reductive synthesis of formaldehyde and its derivatives and low-temperature formaldehyde reforming. These aspects are important for the future demands on modern societies’ energy management, in the form of a methanol and hydrogen economy, and the required formaldehyde feedstock for the manufacture of many formaldehyde-based daily products.

Recent Developments in Solar and Low-Temperature Heat Sources Assisted Power and Cooling Systems: A Design Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tareq Chowdhury ◽  
Esmail M. A. Mokheimer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract Even though the renewable technologies are getting a gradually increasing share of the energy industry, the momentum of its growth is far away from outweighing the dominance of fossil fuel. Due to the concern for ozone depletion, global warming, and many more environmental hazards caused by fossil fuels, it is essential to substitute the conventional energy sources with renewables. Since this replacement cannot be done overnight, the conventional energy technologies should be integrated with renewables to minimize the pace of adverse effects on fossil fuel–based industries in the meantime. This way, the industries can be more efficient by utilizing waste heat, which accounts for 50% of the total energy generated now. This review paper outlines the role of solar energy in the generation of power and cooling systems that are capable of utilizing low-temperature heat sources below 400 °C. The review is primarily concentrated on line-focused concentrated solar power (CSP)-assisted solar technologies to be integrated with organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and absorption cooling systems. Photovoltaic and similar multigeneration systems are also discussed in brief.

scholarly journals Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Srivastava ◽  
Rishabh Rathour ◽  
Sonam Jha ◽  
Karan Pandey ◽  
Manish Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Made In

The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.

scholarly journals RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LOW TEMPERATURE STEAM DISTILLATION OF HOP OIL

1977 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Pickett ◽  
T. L. Peppard ◽  
F. R. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals Biomass-Based Chemical Looping Gasification: Overview and Recent Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7069
Author(s):  
Nhut Minh Nguyen ◽  
Falah Alobaid ◽  
Paul Dieringer ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Low Efficiency

Biomass has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels. Many researchers have carried out intensive research work on biomass gasification to evaluate its performance and feasibility to produce high-quality syngas. However, the process remains the problem of tar formation and low efficiency. Recently, novel approaches were developed for biomass utilization. Chemical looping gasification is considered a suitable pathway to produce valuable products from biomass among biomass conversion processes. This review paper provides a significant body of knowledge on the recent developments of the biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The effects of process parameters have been discussed to provide important insights into the development of novel technology based on chemical looping. The state-of-the-art experimental and simulation/modeling studies and their fundamental assumptions are described in detail. In conclusion, the review paper highlights current research trends, identifying research gaps and opportunities for future applications of biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The study aims to assist in understanding biomass-based chemical looping gasification and its development through recent research.

Probing Phase Transitions and Magnetism in Minerals with Neutrons

Elements ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan C. Chakoumakos ◽  
John B. Parise
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Neutron Sources ◽  
Control Temperature ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Pressure Apparatus

The development of sophisticated sample environments to control temperature, pressure, and magnetic field has grown in parallel with neutron source and instrumentation development. High-pressure apparatus, with high- and low-temperature capability, novel designs for diamond cells, and large volume presses are matched with next-generation neutron sources and moderator designs to provide unprecedented neutron beam brightness. Recent developments in sample environments are expanding the pressure–temperature space accessible to neutron scattering experiments. Researchers are using new capabilities and an increased understanding of the fundamentals of structural and magnetic transitions to explore new territories, including hydrogenous minerals (e.g., ices and hydrates) and magnetic structural phase diagrams.

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