scholarly journals Biomass-Based Chemical Looping Gasification: Overview and Recent Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7069
Author(s):  
Nhut Minh Nguyen ◽  
Falah Alobaid ◽  
Paul Dieringer ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Low Efficiency

Biomass has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels. Many researchers have carried out intensive research work on biomass gasification to evaluate its performance and feasibility to produce high-quality syngas. However, the process remains the problem of tar formation and low efficiency. Recently, novel approaches were developed for biomass utilization. Chemical looping gasification is considered a suitable pathway to produce valuable products from biomass among biomass conversion processes. This review paper provides a significant body of knowledge on the recent developments of the biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The effects of process parameters have been discussed to provide important insights into the development of novel technology based on chemical looping. The state-of-the-art experimental and simulation/modeling studies and their fundamental assumptions are described in detail. In conclusion, the review paper highlights current research trends, identifying research gaps and opportunities for future applications of biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The study aims to assist in understanding biomass-based chemical looping gasification and its development through recent research.

scholarly journals Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Srivastava ◽  
Rishabh Rathour ◽  
Sonam Jha ◽  
Karan Pandey ◽  
Manish Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Made In

The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.

Nanostructured Materials for Hydrogen Storage

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saghar Sepehri ◽  
Yan Yi Liu ◽  
Guo Zhong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Alternate Fuel ◽  
Recent Developments

Hydrogen generated from clean and renewable energy sources has been considered as an alternate fuel to carbon based fossil fuels for several decades. Although many advances in hydrogen production and usage have been made, storing hydrogen remains a significant challenge. Many drawbacks including energy intensive processes, low volumetric densities, and safety concerns are associated with storing hydrogen as pressured or liquefied. Solid state hydrogen storage is considered to be the most promising method as a safe and effective storage option, but there is still no material or method that satisfies the requirements for a practical approach. A feasible hydrogen storage media should address several issues including targeted storage capacities, thermodynamics and hydrogen sorption kinetics, and safety. Nanostructured materials can provide tailor-made properties for storing and releasing hydrogen to fulfill, at least, the partial requirements. This short review, not a comprehensive review of all the materials or technologies in hydrogen storage, summarizes some of the recent developments in application of nanostructures for solid state hydrogen storage; particular attention has been devoted to the most recent development of nanocomposites with tuned dehydrogenation temperatures and kinetics through the control of pore size and surface chemistry.

scholarly journals Risks of switching to renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
E.S. Romanova ◽  
A.A. Masalkova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This research work is devoted to the issue of studying the key risks of switching to renewable energy sources. The relevance of the topic of work is determined by the fact that, according to climatologists [5], climate change, which has a negative impact on the environment, is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). For this reason, measures to prevent or reduce greenhouse gas emissions are at the heart of the energy transition. International treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement lay the foundations for global action to combat climate change and implement a fourth energy transition. The energy transition is characterized by a number of incentives and barriers. Despite the fact that there are many scenarios for the development of the global energy sector by 2050, the expected transformations of the energy market lead to a significant redistribution of the ratio of the shares of hydrocarbon sources and renewable energy sources [16]. The trend towards fossil fuels is on the rise. These transformations in the market are determined not only by the climate agenda, but also by the concept of sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Urban Energy Transitions in Europe, towards Low-Socio-Environmental Impact Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11641
Author(s):  
Olatz Azurza-Zubizarreta ◽  
Izaro Basurko-PerezdeArenaza ◽  
Eñaut Zelarain ◽  
Estitxu Villamor ◽  
Ortzi Akizu-Gardoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Key Factor

Achieving the ambitious targets set by Europe in its 2050 roadmap, moving away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources, while reducing carbon emissions, will require a radical change in Europe’s energy system. Much of the action that will enable this energy transition to be realised in a democratic way is at the local level. It is at this level that many of the decisions regarding the energy transition desired by European citizens will have to be taken. The methodology used in this study is based on data collection, literature review, data validation and analysis. A part of this analysis will also be taken by the mPower project as a diagnostic baseline. The first finding of this research work is that energy transition data availability at the local level is quite low. Second, the local authorities are experiencing difficulties in decarbonising their energy consumption. Finally, the factor with highest positive relationships with other energy transition variables is the number of people employed in the field of energy transition. The results suggest that in order to lead a participatory energy transition, the workforce specifically dedicated to energy transition is a key factor, clearly differentiating it from staff working on the general energy field.

A Review of Hydrogen Production Technologies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yogi Goswami ◽  
Samantha T. Mirabal ◽  
Nitin Goel ◽  
H. A. Ingley
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production

This paper describes an overview of the present status of the conventional hydrogen production technologies and some of the recent developments in the production of hydrogen using solar energy resources. It was found that conversion of fossil fuels and biomass, electrolysis of water using solar and wind energy, and direct solar conversion by thermochemical means are some of the most significant methods of H2 production. The technological status and economic analysis for commercial and near commercial technologies using renewable energy sources such as electrolysis using PV and solar thermal power, photochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, direct thermal decomposition of water, thermochemical cycles, and biological hydrogen production are outlined. Although fossil fuels are currently the least expensive and most widely used sources of hydrogen production, it is argued from an economic analysis that renewable sources of hydrogen are the most promising options for the future. Further, solar hydrogen becomes a storable fuel that is produced from this non-storable and intermittent source of energy.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of TiO2-Based Photocatalysis in the Hydrogen Evolution and Photodegradation: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baglan Bakbolat ◽  
Chingis Daulbayev ◽  
Fail Sultanov ◽  
Renat Beissenov ◽  
Arman Umirzakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Splitting Water

The growth of industrialization, which is forced to use non-renewable energy sources, leads to an increase in environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary not only to reduce the use of fossil fuels to meet energy needs but also to replace it with cleaner fuels. Production of hydrogen by splitting water is considered one of the most promising ways to use solar energy. TiO2 is an amphoteric oxide that occurs naturally in several modifications. This review summarizes recent advances of doped TiO2-based photocatalysts used in hydrogen production and the degradation of organic pollutants in water. An intense scientific and practical interest in these processes is aroused by the fact that they aim to solve global problems of energy conservation and ecology.

Renewable Energy for Robots and Robots for Renewable Energy – A Review

Robotica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1576-1604
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Hassan ◽  
Mohamed El Habrouk ◽  
Samir Deghedie
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Recent Developments

SUMMARYFossil fuel sources are well suited to fulfill the energy needs of human beings. Unfortunately, there are some limitations and disadvantages pertaining to fossil fuels, some of which are drastic. The main issues are: firstly, there is a finite supply of these fuels, eventually this supply will be exhausted; secondly, burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming, leading to disastrous consequences for the environment and the health of humans. Switching to renewable energy sources is the viable solution to the aforementioned issues. Robots bring numerous benefits in a wide variety of applications. Introducing robots to production environments and other applications results in a remarkable improvement in terms of productivity and efficiency. In this paper, the integration between robots and renewable energy sources is discussed. In other words, two main points are investigated: (1) how can renewable energy be a viable source of energy for robots and (2) how can the renewable energy industry benefit from utilizing robots in the execution of renewable energy-related tasks. Some of the recent developments concerning the integration between robots and renewable energy are reviewed. In addition, more opportunities and expected advancements are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on the Gasification Process

10.14311/1572 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Baláš ◽  
Martin Lisý ◽  
Ota Štelcl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
University Of Technology

Gasification is a technology that uses fuel to produce power and heat. This technology is also suitable for biomass conversion. Biomass is a renewable energy source that is being developed to diversify the energy mix, so that the Czech Republic can reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and on raw materials for energy imported from abroad. During gasification, biomass is converted into a gas that can then be burned in a gas burner, with all the advantages of gas combustion. Alternatively, it can be used in internal combustion engines. The main task during gasification is to achieve maximum purity and maximum calorific value of the gas. The main factors are the type of gasifier, the gasification medium, biomass quality and, last but not least, the gasification mode itself. This paper describes experiments that investigate the effect of temperature and pressure on gas composition and low calorific value. The experiments were performed in an atmospheric gasifier in the laboratories of the Energy Institute atthe Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology.

scholarly journals Recent developments in biological hydrogen production processes

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Das ◽  
Namita Khanna ◽  
Nejat Veziroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Enzyme

Biohydrogen production technology can utilize renewable energy sources like biomass for the generation of hydrogen, the cleanest form of energy for the use of mankind. However, major constraints to the commercialization of these processes include lower hydrogen yields and rates of hydrogen production. To overcome these bottlenecks intensive research work has already been carried out on the advancement of these processes such as the development of genetically modified microorganisms, the improvement of the bioreactor design, molecular engineering of the key enzyme hydrogenases, the development of two stage processes, etc. The present paper explores the recent advancements that have been made till date and also presents the state of the art in molecular strategies to improve the hydrogen production.

An Efficient Hybrid Forecasting Approach for Wind Speed Time Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Munnaluri ◽  
K. Ganesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hybrid Forecasting ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Future Utilization

Wind forecasting is one of the best efficient ways to deal with the challenges of wind power generation. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels renewable energy sources plays a major role for the generation of power. For future management and for future utilization of power, we need to predict the wind speed.  In this paper, an efficient hybrid forecasting approach with the combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) are proposed to improve the quality of prediction of wind speed. Due to the different parameters of wind, it is difficult to find the accurate prediction value of the wind speed. The proposed hybrid model of forecasting is examined by taking the hourly wind speed of past years data by reducing the prediction error with the help of Mean Square Error by 0.019. The result obtained from the Artificial Neural Networks improves the forecasting quality.

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