Heating and cooling energy demand and related emissions of the German residential building stock under climate change

Energy Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 4795-4806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mady Olonscheck ◽  
Anne Holsten ◽  
Jürgen P. Kropp
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Residential Building Stock ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand

Impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in a residential building in a Mediterranean climate

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Pérez-Andreu ◽  
Carolina Aparicio-Fernández ◽  
Ana Martínez-Ibernón ◽  
José-Luis Vivancos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand

scholarly journals A comparison of greenhouse gas emissions in the residential sector of major Canadian cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Mohareb ◽  
Adrian K. Mohareb
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Residential Building Stock

One of the most significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada is the buildings sector, with over 30% of national energy end-use occurring in buildings. Energy use must be addressed to reduce emissions from the buildings sector, as nearly 70% of all Canada’s energy used in the residential sector comes from fossil sources. An analysis of GHG emissions from the existing residential building stock for the year 2010 has been conducted for six Canadian cities with different climates and development histories: Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax. Variation across these cities is seen in their 2010 GHG emissions, due to climate, characteristics of the building stock, and energy conversion technologies, with Halifax having the highest per capita emissions at 5.55 tCO2e/capita and Montreal having the lowest at 0.32 tCO2e/capita. The importance of the provincial electricity grid’s carbon intensity is emphasized, along with era of construction, occupancy, floor area, and climate. Approaches to achieving deep emissions reductions include innovative retrofit financing and city level residential energy conservation by-laws; each region should seek location-appropriate measures to reduce energy demand within its residential housing stock, as well as associated GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Energy Retrofitting Effects on the Energy Flexibility of Dwellings

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mancini ◽  
Benedetto Nastasi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Residential Building Stock

Electrification of the built environment is foreseen as a main driver for energy transition for more effective, electric renewable capacity firming. Direct and on-time use of electricity is the best way to integrate them, but the current energy demand of residential building stock is often mainly fuel-based. Switching from fuel to electric-driven heating systems could play a key role. Yet, it implies modifications in the building stock due to the change in the temperature of the supplied heat by new heat pumps compared to existing boilers and in power demand to the electricity meter. Conventional energy retrofitting scenarios are usually evaluated in terms of cost-effective energy saving, while the effects on the electrification and flexibility are neglected. In this paper, the improvement of the building envelope and the installations of electric-driven space heating and domestic hot water production systems is analyzed for 419 dwellings. The dwellings database was built by means of a survey among the students attending the Faculty of Architecture at Sapienza University of Rome. A set of key performance indicators were selected for energy and environmental performance. The changes in the energy flexibility led to the viable participation of all the dwellings to a demand response programme.

scholarly journals Global scenarios of residential heating and cooling energy demand and CO2 emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Mastrucci ◽  
Bas van Ruijven ◽  
Edward Byers ◽  
Miguel Poblete-Cazenave ◽  
Shonali Pachauri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Choice Modelling ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Space Cooling

AbstractBuildings account for 36% of global final energy demand and are key to mitigating climate change. Assessing the evolution of the global building stock and its energy demand is critical to support mitigation strategies. However, most global studies lack granularity and overlook heterogeneity in the building sector, limiting the evaluation of demand transformation scenarios. We develop global residential building scenarios along the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) 1–3 and assess the evolution of building stock, energy demand, and CO2 emissions for space heating and cooling with MESSAGEix-Buildings, a modelling framework soft-linked to an integrated assessment framework. MESSAGEix-Buildings combines bottom-up modelling of energy demand, stock turnover, and discrete choice modelling for energy efficiency decisions, and accounts for heterogeneity in geographical contexts, socio-economics, and buildings characteristics.Global CO2 emissions for space heating are projected to decrease between 34.4 (SSP3) and 52.5% (SSP1) by 2050 under energy efficiency improvements and electrification. Space cooling demand starkly rises in developing countries, with CO2 emissions increasing globally by 58.2 (SSP1) to 85.2% (SSP3) by 2050. Scenarios substantially differ in the uptake of energy efficient new construction and renovations, generally higher for single-family homes, and in space cooling patterns across income levels and locations, with most of the demand in the global south driven by medium- and high-income urban households. This study contributes an advancement in the granularity of building sector knowledge to be assessed in integration with other sources of emissions in the context of global climate change mitigation and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Energy, Seismic, and Architectural Renovation of RC Framed Buildings with Prefabricated Timber Panels

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Margani ◽  
Gianpiero Evola ◽  
Carola Tardo ◽  
Edoardo Michele Marino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Residential Building Stock ◽  
Design Deficiencies ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Energy Dissipation Devices

In seismic European countries most of the residential building stock is highly energy-intensive and earthquake-prone because it was built before the enforcement of the most recent energy and seismic codes. Furthermore, this stock often shows a low architectural quality due to poor maintenance and/or construction and design deficiencies: for all these reasons, it needs deep renovation, but the use of common energy and seismic upgrading techniques is often unsustainable in terms of costs, work duration, and occupants’ disturbance. Therefore, new integrated, affordable, fast, and low-disruptive renovation actions are strongly needed. This study proposes an innovative energy, seismic, and architectural renovation solution for reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings, based on the addition of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels to the outer walls, in combination with wooden-framed panels. The two panels integrate insulation and cladding materials in order to improve the energy performance and the architectural image of the renovated building. Moreover, the CLT panels are connected to the existing RC frame through innovative seismic energy dissipation devices. In case of an earthquake, these devices in combination with the CLT panels reduce the drift demand of the building, preventing or reducing structural damages and consequent repair costs. In particular, this paper investigates the technical feasibility, the energy efficiency, and the architectural enhancement of the proposed retrofitting system. To this purpose, dynamic thermal simulations were conducted on a typical multi-story residential building from the 1960s, located in Catania, Italy. The results indicated that this retrofitting technique considerably improved the energy performance of the selected building, with a reduction of the global energy demand up to nearly 60%. The presented study is part of a larger research project aimed at also investigating, in a further stage, the seismic performance achievable by the above-mentioned renovation solution.

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