Metal hyperaccumulation in the Brassicaceae species Arabidopsis halleri reduces camalexin induction after fungal pathogen attack

Abstract Local adaptation is assumed to occur when populations differ in a phenotypic trait or a set of traits, and such variation has a genetic basis. Here, we introduce Arabidopsis halleri and its life history as a perennial model system to study population differentiation and local adaptation. Studies on altitudinal adaptation have been conducted in two regions: Mt. Ibuki in Japan and the European Alps. Several studies have demonstrated altitudinal adaptation in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) tolerance, leaf water repellency against spring frost and anti-herbivore defences. Studies on population differentiation in A. halleri have also focused on metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance to heavy metal contamination. In these study systems, genome scans to identify candidate genes under selection have been applied. Lastly, we briefly discuss how RNA-Seq can broaden phenotypic space and serve as a link to underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, A. halleri provides us with opportunities to study population differentiation and local adaptation, and relate these to the genetic systems underlying target functional traits.

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Review of Research on Fungal Pathogen Attack and Plant Defense Mechanism against Pathogen

International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.12983/ijsras-2015-p0197-0208 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 197-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raheleh Dehgahi ◽

Sreeramanan Subramaniam ◽

Latiffah Zakaria ◽

Alireza Joniyas ◽

Farid Beiki Firouzjahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Defense ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Plant Defense Mechanism ◽

Pathogen Attack

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Focal accumulation of defences at sites of fungal pathogen attack

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/ern205 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 (13) ◽

pp. 3501-3508 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

W. Underwood ◽

S. C. Somerville

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Pathogen Attack

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Adaptive defence and sensing responses of host plant roots to fungal pathogen attack revealed by transcriptome and metabolome analyses

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/pce.14195 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Ding ◽

Donald M Gardiner ◽

Jonathan J Powell ◽

Michelle L Colgrave ◽

Robert F Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Pathogen Attack

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Can Actin Depolymerization Actually Result in Increased Plant Resistance to Pathogens?

10.1101/278986 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hana Krutinová ◽

Lucie Trdá ◽

Tetiana Kalachova ◽

Lucie Lamparová ◽

Romana Pospíchalová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Isochorismate Synthase ◽

Actin Depolymerization ◽

Pathogen Attack ◽

Plant Pathosystems ◽

The Relationship

Introductory paragraphThe integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for plant immune signalling1. Consequently, it is generally assumed that actin disruption reduces plant resistance to pathogen attack2-4. However, in a previous study, it was shown that actin depolymerisation triggers the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway5, which is interesting because increased SA is associated with enhanced plant resistance to pathogen attack6,7. Here, we attempt to resolve this seeming inconsistency by showing that the relationship between actin depolymerization and plant resistance is more complex than currently thought. We investigate the precise nature of this relationship using two completely different plant pathosystems: i) a model plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) and a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas syringae), and ii) an important crop (Brassica napus) and a fungal pathogen (Leptosphaeria maculans). We demonstrate that actin depolymerization induces a dramatic increase in SA levels and that the increased SA is biosynthesized by the isochorismate synthase pathway. In both pathosystems, this phenomenon leads to increased plant resistance.

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Generation of Transgenic Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana Shows a Genus-Specific Preference for Self-Incompatibility Genes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8120570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tong Zhang ◽

Guilong Zhou ◽

Daphne R. Goring ◽

Xiaomei Liang ◽

Stuart Macgregor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Brassica Species ◽

The Self ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Arabidopsis Halleri ◽

Downstream Signaling ◽

Pollen Rejection ◽

Brassicaceae Species ◽

Its Gene ◽

Self Compatibility

Brassicaceae species employ both self-compatibility and self-incompatibility systems to regulate post-pollination events. Arabidopsis halleri is strictly self-incompatible, while the closely related Arabidopsis thaliana has transitioned to self-compatibility with the loss of functional S-locus genes during evolution. The downstream signaling protein, ARC1, is also required for the self-incompatibility response in some Arabidopsis and Brassica species, and its gene is deleted in the A. thaliana genome. In this study, we attempted to reconstitute the SCR-SRK-ARC1 signaling pathway to restore self-incompatibility in A. thaliana using genes from A. halleri and B. napus, respectively. Several of the transgenic A. thaliana lines expressing the A. halleri SCR13-SRK13-ARC1 transgenes displayed self-incompatibility, while all the transgenic A. thaliana lines expressing the B. napus SCR1-SRK1-ARC1 transgenes failed to show any self-pollen rejection. Furthermore, our results showed that the intensity of the self-incompatibility response in transgenic A. thaliana plants was not associated with the expression levels of the transgenes. Thus, this suggests that there are differences between the Arabidopsis and Brassica self-incompatibility signaling pathways, which perhaps points to the existence of other factors downstream of B. napus SRK that are absent in Arabidopsis species.

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