An improved mechanism-based model for predicting the long-term formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products with exposed edges and seams

Abstract The properties of several modified wood products were evaluated using North American standards to provide comparative data for architects seeking to use these materials. In general, modified wood products had lower moisture uptakes and less shrinkage than unmodified products. Acetylated materials were highly resistant to fungal decay, whereas thermally modified and furfurylated materials were classified as decay resistant. All materials were susceptible to mold, although the nonacetylated moisture-resistant medium-density fiberboard was most susceptible. Thermally modified and furfurylated materials were similar in mold susceptibility to untreated radiata pine sapwood, whereas acetylated materials appeared to be more mold resistant.

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Establishment size and employment stability in logging and sawmilling: a comparative analysis

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-146 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 67-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert G Lee ◽

Penelope Jennings Eckert

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Wood Products ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

Employment Stability ◽

Establishment Size ◽

The Relationship ◽

Competitive Nature

Wood products employment stability (defined as year-to-year variation) was examined as a function of establishment size (grouped by number of employees). Small- and medium-sized establishments were consistently found to be more stable than large establishments. Comparison of Washington, Oregon, the United States, and Japan showed that the relationship between establishment size and employment stability was maintained regardless of long-term growth or decline in wood-products employment. Moreover, the smaller wood-products establishments in the United States were found to be more stable than the smaller establishments in other manufacturing industries. Structural stability in employment has been associated with the highly competitive nature of smaller wood-products establishments. Employment stability can best be promoted by policies that support the continued viability of smaller establishments.

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Impacts of Thinning Strategies on Financial Returns from Yellow-Poplar Stands

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/23.2.69 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 69-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matthew H. Pelkki

Keyword(s):

Basal Area ◽

Site Index ◽

The United States ◽

Financial Returns ◽

Yellow Poplar ◽

Stem Quality ◽

High Site ◽

Initial Improvement ◽

Composite Wood

Abstract In the central and southern Appalachian region of the United States, yellow-poplar is an important timber resource for the sawmill and composite wood industries. A dynamic programming optimization algorithm was used to evaluate financial returns from various thinning strategies on yellow-poplar stands. Improvement thinning was found to increase long-term returns more than any other thinning strategy on most combinations of site and stand quality. Only on a high site index stand with a stem distribution dominated by high quality trees was thinning from above found to be the most valuable strategy. When stands have low or average stem quality distributions, the typical rotation has one to two thinnings removing 20% to 35% of the basal area in each thinning. Timing of the initial improvement thinning ranges from 22-32 yr, and occurs earlier in higher site index stands. In stands of high stem quality, one to five thinnings removing 20% to 40% of the basal area are employed, and rotation length increases as production shifts to sawtimber. Stands with higher site index and stem quality distributions have higher numbers of thinnings. This research demonstrates the value of intermediate treatments in improving financial returns from yellow-poplar. South. J. Appl. For. 23(2):69-77.

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Material-Use Trends in U.S. Furniture Manufacturing

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/12.2.102 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 102-107

Author(s):

William G. Luppold

Keyword(s):

Medium Density Fiberboard ◽

The United States ◽

Wood Products ◽

Composite Panel ◽

Furniture Industry ◽

Softwood Lumber ◽

Furniture Manufacturing ◽

Hardwood Lumber ◽

Panel Products ◽

Composite Wood

Abstract Furniture manufacturers in the United States are major users of a variety of wood products. In the last two decades, traditional wood products, such as hardwood lumber, veneer, and plywood have been, in part, replaced by composite panel products, such as particleboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard. This paper examines the uses of traditional and composite wood products by the wood household, upholstered household, and commercial furniture industries in descriptive and numerical terms. The analysis indicates that the substitution of composite products for traditional hardwood products has subsided in recent years in the household wood furniture industry but has continued in the commercial furniture industry. Strong growth in softwood lumber use has occurred in the household wood industry and the household upholstered furniture industry but not in the commercial furniture industry. Although hardwood lumber has been displaced by softwood-based composite panel products, greater relative decreases have occurred in hardwood veneer and veneer core plywood use because of composite panel substitution. Most recent market activities, however, indicate increased use of hardwood lumber in furniture production in the 1980s. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):102-107.

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Test Method for Determination of Edge Performance of Composite Wood Products Under Surfactant Accelerated Moisture Stress

10.1520/d2065-03r11 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Moisture Stress ◽

Wood Products ◽

Test Method ◽

Composite Wood

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Testing of the form stability of composite wood products, Part 2: Fibre boards

Composites ◽

10.1016/0010-4361(70)90177-1 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 322

Author(s):

D. Narayanamurti ◽

B.S. Aswathanarayana

Keyword(s):

Wood Products ◽

Composite Wood ◽

Form Stability

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Long-term forest management and timely transfer of carbon into wood products help reduce atmospheric carbon

Ecological Modelling ◽

10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 220 (13-14) ◽

pp. 1719-1723 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Guoliang Liu ◽

Shijie Han

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Wood Products ◽

Atmospheric Carbon

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Fast Curing of Composite Wood Products

10.2172/892708 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Arthur J. Ragauskas

Keyword(s):

Wood Products ◽

Composite Wood

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Quantifying the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Mechanized Shelterwood Harvest Producing Both Sawtimber and Woodchips

Forests ◽

10.3390/f13010070 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Joshua P. Weyrens ◽

Obste Therasme ◽

René H. Germain

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Wood Products ◽

Primary Data ◽

Carbon Neutral ◽

The Impact

Forests are used to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon offset programs, and forest management is generally accepted as “carbon neutral”. However, forest harvesting operations depend heavily on fossil fuels, so it would be remiss to broadly paint all forms of management as carbon neutral without empirical verification of this claim. Biomass feedstock, as a means to supplant fossil fuel consumption, has received the bulk of investigative efforts, as the carbon benefit of biomass is one of the most contentious among wood products, because it does not create long-term carbon storage. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on a winter shelterwood harvest occurring in the Adirondacks of upstate New York. Primary data were collected daily throughout the operation and used to model the impact attributed to producing clean chips and logs for delivery to a pulp mill and sawmill, respectively. This harvest produced 4894 Mg of clean chips and 527 Mg of sawtimber. We calculated that 39.77 and 25.16 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent were emitted per Mg of clean chips and sawtimber, respectively, with a total observed flow of GHG into the atmosphere between 206 and 210 thousand kilograms. The results contribute to our understanding of the global warming potential of implementing a forest harvest to produce raw materials for medium- and long-term carbon storage products such as paper and dimensional hardwood lumber.

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Accelerated Thermal Aging of Bio-Based Composite Wood Panels

Fibers ◽

10.3390/fib8050032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Brent Tisserat ◽

Nicholas Montesdeoca ◽

Veera M. Boddu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Aging ◽

Extreme Temperatures ◽

Soybean Flour ◽

Wood Panels ◽

Wood Particles ◽

Composite Wood ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Units ◽

Accelerated Thermal Aging

Bio-based adhesives and resins are sought as alternatives to synthetics in order to fabricate all-biobased composite wood panels (CWPs), which provide environmentally friendly building products for indoor use. Very little information exists as to how these bio-based CWPs would perform long-term in non-temperature controlled structures such as warehouses and storage units where extreme temperatures occur depending on the season. In this study, novel all-bio-based CWPs were fabricated using a matrix of 50% distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 50% soybean flour ProsanteTM (PRO) mixed with wood particles. Bio-based CWPs were subjected to accelerated thermal aging for a 10-year period resembling outdoor temperatures in Peoria, IL USA. Four seasonal periods (Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall) were simulated varying from −26–40 °C and 36–76% relative humidity (RH). The bio-based adhesive employed consisted of 50% distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 50% soybean flour ProsanteTM (PRO). CWPs consisted of 15 or 50% DDGS/PRO with 85% or 50% pine wood. CWPs were evaluated for 5, 7.5, and 10-years for their physical, flexural, dimensional stability, surface roughness, FTIR, TGA, and spectral properties. The changes in the CWP properties were notable during the initial 5 years, and later aged samples showed less change.

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