Material-Use Trends in U.S. Furniture Manufacturing

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
William G. Luppold
Keyword(s):  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Furniture Manufacturing ◽  
Hardwood Lumber ◽  
Panel Products ◽  
Composite Wood

Abstract Furniture manufacturers in the United States are major users of a variety of wood products. In the last two decades, traditional wood products, such as hardwood lumber, veneer, and plywood have been, in part, replaced by composite panel products, such as particleboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard. This paper examines the uses of traditional and composite wood products by the wood household, upholstered household, and commercial furniture industries in descriptive and numerical terms. The analysis indicates that the substitution of composite products for traditional hardwood products has subsided in recent years in the household wood furniture industry but has continued in the commercial furniture industry. Strong growth in softwood lumber use has occurred in the household wood industry and the household upholstered furniture industry but not in the commercial furniture industry. Although hardwood lumber has been displaced by softwood-based composite panel products, greater relative decreases have occurred in hardwood veneer and veneer core plywood use because of composite panel substitution. Most recent market activities, however, indicate increased use of hardwood lumber in furniture production in the 1980s. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):102-107.

Comparative Performance of Modified Solid and Composite Wood Samples in Standard Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Robert Rose ◽  
Scott Leavengood ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Resistant Medium ◽  
Composite Wood ◽  
Moisture Resistant ◽  
Standard Tests ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract The properties of several modified wood products were evaluated using North American standards to provide comparative data for architects seeking to use these materials. In general, modified wood products had lower moisture uptakes and less shrinkage than unmodified products. Acetylated materials were highly resistant to fungal decay, whereas thermally modified and furfurylated materials were classified as decay resistant. All materials were susceptible to mold, although the nonacetylated moisture-resistant medium-density fiberboard was most susceptible. Thermally modified and furfurylated materials were similar in mold susceptibility to untreated radiata pine sapwood, whereas acetylated materials appeared to be more mold resistant.

International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.

The impacts of NAFTA on U.S. and Canadian forest product exports to Mexico

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Prestemon ◽  
Joseph Buongiorno
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
The North ◽  
Hardwood Lumber ◽  
Long Term Impact

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) will lower barriers to trade and investment across the continent. This paper presents predictions of the effects of NAFTA on Mexico's imports of intermediate wood products, scrap and waste paper, pulp, and newsprint from the United States and Canada. Predictions were made with a partial equilibrium model. Model development involved estimating (i) elasticities of Mexico's import demand with respect to price and demand shifters and (ii) elasticities of prices with respect to their determinants, and then predicting, with these elasticities, the impacts of NAFTA on imports and prices. The effects of NAFTA on the exogenous variables affecting import demand and prices were summarized for three scenarios, based on the predictions of broader studies of the agreement. The results suggest that the full long-term impact of the NAFTA would be to increase the value of all Mexican imports from the United States and Canada by 21 to 85%. The effect would vary greatly by product and country of origin. Mexican imports of particleboard, hardwood veneer, scrap and waste paper, and wood pulp would be the least affected, mainly because of their smaller tariffs and inelastic price responses. Imports of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) lumber, hardwood lumber, softwood plywood, and newsprint from the United States would increase the most under NAFTA.

An inventory of innovative technology use in North American processing of wood structural panels and softwood lumber

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1629-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Cohen ◽  
Steven A. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Wood Processing

During 1988, wood products firms responsible for over one-third of the structural panel production and two-thirds of the softwood lumber in Canada and the United States were surveyed to produce an inventory of new processing technologies adopted for each of these wood products segments. Included in structural panels were softwood plywood and nonveneered panels (oriented strand board and waferboard). Technology usage, for each segment, was evaluated by a use intensity index, which measured the proportion of 1987 production that used each surveyed technology. Use intensity ranged from less than 1% to more than 90% for different technologies surveyed. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate which technologies were most compatible with each other and what underlying qualities linked different technologies together. Knowledge of these changes in wood processing can be advantageous in developing different directions for forest and wood science research. In addition, this inventory is a useful tool to explore areas for technological innovation in the processing of the forest resource.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Flexural Behavior of Pure and Hybrid Wood Composite Panels Using Weibull Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Karaman ◽  
H. Ersen Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Distribution Method

The production of inexpensive wood products compared to their strength is important both in terms of economy and meeting the expectations of users. For this purpose, the use of hybrid wood products is increasing in the furniture industry. With the hybridization process, relatively cheap and flimsy material is combined with a material that has a stronger structure. Thus, stronger bonded material is manufactured cheaper. In this study, the flexural behavior of pure and hybrid wood composite panels, which were prepared by applying longitudinal jointing techniques from different wood materials, was investigated. In this context, pure chipboard, pure medium density fiberboard (MDF), chipboard-east beech and MDF-east beech hybrid wood composite panels were produced. During the hybridization process, oriental beech was combined by using the self-grooving technique in three different numbers as one row, two rows, and three rows. Flexural test results were analyzed according to the Weibull distribution method. The results of the analyses showed that the hybridization process increased the flexural strength and flexural modulus of pure wood panels by up to 214 %, and 95 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Introduction ofEucalyptusspp. into the United States with Special Emphasis on the Southern United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kellison ◽  
Russ Lea ◽  
Paul Marsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
Subsequent Performance

Introduction ofEucalyptusspp. into the United States from Australia on a significant scale resulted from the gold rush into California in 1849. Numerous species were evaluated for fuel, wood products, and amenity purposes. The first recorded entry of eucalyptus into the southern United Stated was in 1878. Subsequent performance of selected species for ornamental purposes caused forest industry to visualize plantations for fiber production. That interest led the Florida Forestry Foundation to initiate species-introduction trials in 1959. The results were sufficiently promising that a contingent of forest products companies formed a cooperative to work with the USDA Forest Service, Lehigh Acres, FL, USA, on genetic improvement of selected species for fiber production. The Florida initiative caused other industrial forestry companies in the upper South to establish plantations regardless of the species or seed source. The result was invariably the same: failure. Bruce Zobel, Professor of Forestry, North Carolina State University, initiated a concerted effort to assess the potential worth of eucalyptus for plantation use. The joint industrial effort evaluated 569 sources representing 103 species over a 14-year period. The three levels of testing, screening, in-depth, and semioperational trials led to identification of some species and sources that offered promise for adaptation, but severe winter temperatures in late 1983 and early 1984 and 1985 terminated the project. Despite the failed attempt valuable silvicultural practices were ascertained that will be beneficial to other researchers and practitioners when attempts are again made to introduce the species complex into the US South.

scholarly journals Preliminary Qualitative Analysis and Implications of Wood Products Perception on Social Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Jana Šujanová ◽  
Renata Nováková ◽  
Gabriela Pavlendová ◽  
Dagmar Cagáňová ◽  
Natália Canet
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Current Management ◽  
University Of Technology

The article presents the results of the qualitative research of social media, managed by the Institute of the Civil Society, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, in cooperation with the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The research aimed to analyse different areas of the current management challenges and their perception of the selected social networks. The study concentrates on the presentation of the chosen manufacturers of the automotive industry and furniture industry on social media. The content analysis was based on the VADER (Valence Aware Dictionary and Entiment Reasoner) lexicon that was explicitly tuned to sentiments expressed in social media and QDA software.

scholarly journals Specific Cutting Forces of Isotropic and Orthotropic Engineered Wood Products by Round Shape Machining

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Goli ◽  
Rémi Curti ◽  
Bertrand Marcon ◽  
Antonio Scippa ◽  
Gianni Campatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Laminate Veneer Lumber ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Orthotropic Materials ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cutting Coefficients ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Different Depths

The set-up of machining parameters for non-ferric materials such as wood and wood-based materials is not yet defined on a scientific basis. In this paper, a new rapid experimental method to assess the specific cutting coefficients when routing isotropic and orthotropic wood-based materials is presented. The method consists of routing, with different depths of cut, a given material previously machined to a round shape after having it fixed on a dynamometric platform able to measure the cutting forces. The execution of subsequent cuts using different depths of cut allows the calculation of the specific cutting coefficients. With the measurement being done during real routing operations, a method to remove machine vibrations was also developed. The specific cutting coefficients were computed for the whole set of grain orientations for orthotropic materials and as an average for isotropic ones. The aim of this paper is to present and validate the whole method by machining selected materials such as Polytetrafluoroethylene—PTFE (isotropic), Medium Density Fiberboard—MDF (isotropic), beech Laminate Veneer Lumber—LVL (orthotropic) and poplar LVL (orthotropic). The method and the proposed analysis have been shown to work very effectively and could be used for optimization and comparison between materials and processes.

scholarly journals Keunggulan Komparatif dan Kompetitif Sektor Industri Pengolahan di Provinsi Jambi

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Eristian Wibisono ◽  
Amri Amir ◽  
Zulfanetti Zulfanetti
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Industry Sector

Identification of leading sectors or subsectors is one of the main tasks of the regional government and is an important part of regional development planning before formulating, drafting and establishing a better development policy strategy. The main objective of this research is to analyze and identify subsectors in the manufacturing industry sector that have comparativeness and competitiveness in Jambi Province. Main data of this study are secondary data of districts and cities in Jambi Province during the period 2011–2015 which were sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics,  and Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas). Data were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analysis methods, namely Location Quotient analysis and Shift Share analysis. Results of the study show that the manufacturing industry subsector of Jambi Province which can be classified as comparative and competitive subsector are timber/wood products industry, paper/goods industry, rubber/rubber goods industry, and furniture industry

Modeling bilateral forest products trade.

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-82
Author(s):  
Craig M. T. Johnston ◽  
Brad Stennes ◽  
G. Cornelisvan Kooten
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Programming Models ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Price Equilibrium ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Spatial Price

Abstract The focus in this chapter is on the development of mathematical programming models used to model bilateral forest products trade. Theoretical outlines are provided of a multi-region, single product trade model and of an integrated, multi-region, multi-product trade model. The objective function and constraints are described mathematically, while the analysis takes into account horizontal and vertical chains and the need to calibrate the model using observed trade flows. Data sources are discussed, and the GAMS code is provided for the uncalibrated and calibrated versions of the model. The Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute is the raison d'être for much applied work in modeling forest products trade, especially on Canada's side. In this chapter, we examine several spatial price equilibrium (SPE) trade models that are currently used to investigate the implications of trade barriers imposed on Canadian exports of softwood lumber to the United States. The reason we consider bilateral trade is so that we can determine the impacts of trade restrictions on various regions in North America. We begin in the next section by specifying a general but vertically integrated SPE trade model.

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