scholarly journals Effects of a human-based mixture of persistent organic pollutants on the in vivo exposed cerebellum and cerebellar neuronal cultures exposed in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 106240
Author(s):  
Hanne Friis Berntsen ◽  
Nur Duale ◽  
Cesilie Granum Bjørklund ◽  
Oscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta ◽  
Kine Dyrberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Neuronal Cultures

scholarly journals Hydrophobized Reversed-Phase Adsorbent for Protection of Dairy Cattle against Lipophilic Toxins from Diet. Efficiensy In Vitro and In Vivo

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Alexander Sotnichenko ◽  
Evgeny Pantsov ◽  
Dmitry Shinkarev ◽  
Victor Okhanov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Lipophilic Toxins ◽  
Cattle Feeds

The steady growth of inflammatory diseases of the udder in dairy cattle forces us to look for the causes of this phenomenon in the context of growing chemical pollution of the environment and feeds. Within the framework of this concept, an analysis was made of the polarity level of the three toxic impurity groups, which are commonly present in dairy cattle feeds. These impurities are presented by mycotoxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and persistent organic pollutants (POP). It has been determined that 46% of studied mycotoxins (n = 1500) and 100% of studied polyaromatic hydrocarbons (n = 45) and persistent organic pollutants (n = 55) are lipophilic compounds, prone to bioaccumulation. A comparative evaluation of the sorption capacity of four adsorbents of a different nature and polarity with respect to the simplest PAH, naphthalene and lipophilic estrogenic mycotoxin, zearalenone in vitro has been carried out. The highest efficiency in these experiments was demonstrated by the reversed-phase polyoctylated polysilicate hydrogel (POPSH). The use of POPSH in a herd of lactating cows significantly reduced the transfer of aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor, typical POPs from the “dirty dozen”, to the milk. The relevance of protecting the main functional systems of animals from the damaging effects of lipophilic toxins from feeds using non-polar adsorbents, and the concept of evaluating the effectiveness of various feed adsorbents for dairy cattle by their influence on the somatic cell count in the collected milk are discussed.

The design of an environmentally relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants for use in in vivo and in vitro studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (16-18) ◽  
pp. 1002-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Friis Berntsen ◽  
Vidar Berg ◽  
Cathrine Thomsen ◽  
Erik Ropstad ◽  
Karin Elisabeth Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
In Vitro Studies

scholarly journals Persistent organic pollutants and obesity: are they potential mechanisms for breast cancer promotion?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. R69-R86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise K Reaves ◽  
Erika Ginsburg ◽  
John J Bang ◽  
Jodie M Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment

Dietary ingestion of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is correlated with the development of obesity. Obesity alters metabolism, induces an inflammatory tissue microenvironment, and is also linked to diabetes and breast cancer risk/promotion of the disease. However, no direct evidence exists with regard to the correlation among all three of these factors (POPs, obesity, and breast cancer). Herein, we present results from current correlative studies indicating a causal link between POP exposure through diet and their bioaccumulation in adipose tissue that promotes the development of obesity and ultimately influences breast cancer development and/or progression. Furthermore, as endocrine disruptors, POPs could interfere with hormonally responsive tissue functions causing dysregulation of hormone signaling and cell function. This review highlights the critical need for advancedin vitroandin vivomodel systems to elucidate the complex relationship among obesity, POPs, and breast cancer, and, more importantly, to delineate their multifaceted molecular, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms. Comprehensivein vitroandin vivostudies directly testing the observed correlations as well as detailing their molecular mechanisms are vital to cancer research and, ultimately, public health.

scholarly journals Neurotoxicity of Persistent Organic Pollutants: Possible Mode(S) of Action and Further Considerations

Dose-Response ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. dose-response.0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Intracellular Signalling ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Potential Mode

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are long-lived toxic organic compounds and are of major concern for human and ecosystem health. Although the use of most POPs is banned in most countries, some organochlorine pesticides are still being used in several parts of the world. Although environmental levels of some POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have declined, newly emerging POPs such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been increasing considerably. Exposure to POPs has been associated with a wide spectrum of effects including reproductive, developmental, immunologic, carcinogenic, and neurotoxic effects. It is of particular concern that neurotoxic effects of some POPs have been observed in humans at low environmental concentrations. This review focuses on PCBs as a representative chemical class of POPs and discusses the possible mode(s) of action for the neurotoxic effects with emphasis on comparing dose-response and structure-activity relationships (SAR) with other structurally related chemicals. There is sufficient epidemiological and experimental evidence showing that PCB exposure is associated with motor and cognitive deficits in humans and animal models. Although several potential mode(s) of actions were postulated for PCB-induced neurotoxic effects, changes in neurotransmitter systems, altered intracellular signalling processes, and thyroid hormone imbalance are predominant ones. These three potential mechanisms are discussed in detail in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SAR was conducted on other structurally similar chemicals to see if they have a common mode(s) of action. Relative potency factors for several of these POPs were calculated based on their effects on intracellular signalling processes. This is a comprehensive review comparing molecular effects at the cellular level to the neurotoxic effects seen in the whole animal for environmentally relevant POPs.

scholarly journals A Human Relevant Defined Mixture of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Affects In Vitro Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), but Does Not Affect Translocation of Its Receptor

2019 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Shannon ◽  
Yuling Xie ◽  
Steven Verhaegen ◽  
Jodie Wilson ◽  
Hanne F Berntsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Total Mixture ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been suggested as a contributing factor for the increased rate of type 2 diabetes and obesity. A complex mixture of 29 POPs (Total mixture), based on human blood concentrations, was used to expose a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secreting enteroendocrine cell line (pGIP/neo: STC-1) in vitro for 3 and 24 h. Significant increases of GLP-1 occurred when cells were exposed to the Total mixture at ×500 blood levels. Six sub-mixtures representing chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br), and perfluorinated chemicals (PFAA), and their combinations (Cl + Br, Cl + PFAA, Br + PFAA) were also tested at ×500. Secretion levels seen for these remained lower than the Total mixture, and the Br mixture had no effect. After 24 h, increased secretion was seen with all mixtures at ×1 blood levels. Cytotoxicity was present for ×100 and ×500 blood levels. When tested in a GLP-1 receptor translocation assay (U2OS-GLP1R-EGFP), neither agonistic nor antagonist effects on receptor internalization were seen for any of the mixtures. We conclude individual classes of POPs, alone or in combination, can affect GLP-1 secretion and may contribute as a molecular mechanism linking environmental toxicants and diabetes.

scholarly journals Vascular-dependent effects of elevated glucose on postganglionic sympathetic neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. H1386-H1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah H. Damon
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
T Test ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Low Glucose

Perivascular sympathetic nerves are important determinants of vascular function that are likely to contribute to vascular complications associated with hyperglycemia and diabetes. The present study tested the hypothesis that glucose modulates perivascular sympathetic nerves by studying the effects of 7 days of hyperglycemia on norepinephrine (NE) synthesis [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)], release, and uptake. Direct and vascular-dependent effects were studied in vitro in neuronal and neurovascular cultures. Effects were also studied in vivo in rats made hyperglycemic (blood glucose >296 mg/dl) with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). In neuronal cultures, TH and NE uptake measured in neurons grown in high glucose (HG; 25 mM) were less than that in neurons grown in low glucose (LG; 5 mM) ( P < 0.05; n = 4 and 6, respectively). In neurovascular cultures, elevated glucose did not affect TH or NE uptake, but it increased NE release. Release from neurovascular cultures grown in HG (1.8 ± 0.2%; n = 5) was greater than that from cultures grown in LG (0.37 ± 0.28%; n = 5; P < 0.05; unpaired t-test). In vivo, elevated glucose did not affect TH or NE uptake, but it increased NE release. Release in hyperglycemic animals (9.4 + 1.1%; n = 6) was greater than that in control animals (5.39 + 1.1%; n = 6; P < 0.05; unpaired t-test). These data identify a novel vascular-dependent effect of elevated glucose on postganglionic sympathetic neurons that is likely to affect the function of perivascular sympathetic nerves and thereby affect vascular function.

scholarly journals Repair of the UL21 Locus in Pseudorabies Virus Bartha Enhances the Kinetics of Retrograde, Transneuronal Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Curanović ◽  
M. G. Lyman ◽  
C. Bou-Abboud ◽  
J. P. Card ◽  
L. W. Enquist
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Infectious Particle ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT The attenuated pseudorabies virus (PRV) strain Bartha contains several characterized mutations that affect its virulence and ability to spread through neural circuits. This strain contains a small genomic deletion that abrogates anterograde spread and is widely used as a retrograde-restricted neural circuit tracer. Previous studies showed that the retrograde-directed spread of PRV Bartha is slower than that of wild-type PRV. We used compartmented neuronal cultures to characterize the retrograde defect and identify the genetic basis of the phenotype. PRV Bartha is not impaired in retrograde axonal transport, but transneuronal spread among neurons is diminished. Repair of the UL21 locus with wild-type sequence restored efficient transneuronal spread both in vitro and in vivo. It is likely that mutations in the Bartha UL21 gene confer defects that affect infectious particle production, causing a delay in spread to presynaptic neurons and amplification of infection. These events manifest as slower kinetics of retrograde viral spread in a neural circuit.

scholarly journals Chitosan biopolymer: Alternative adhesion factor and scaffold matrix for 2D and 3D neuronal cultures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Di Lisa ◽  
Mariateresa Tedesco ◽  
Elena Dellacasa ◽  
Mattia Pesce ◽  
Tiziano Catelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Chitosan Biopolymer ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Adhesion Factor

The increase of different types of cell cultures, which can be used for the in vitro studies of physiological and/or pathological processes, has introduced the need to improve culture techniques through the use of materials and culture media that promote growth, recreating a cellular micro-environment that can be asserted in in vivo condition. The standard methods for the functionalization of supports used for cell cultures are based on the use of synthetic or natural biopolymers, which generally have high costs, such as poly-lysine and polyornithine. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the alternative use of the polysaccharide chitosan as adhesion factor and structural component for 2D/3D neuronal cultures. Thanks to its versatility, it could be easily functionalized for the fabrication of personalized of in vitro models

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