scholarly journals Adsorption, uptake and toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics: Effects on terrestrial plants and aquatic macrophytes

2021 ◽  
pp. 117183
Author(s):  
Alicia Mateos-Cárdenas ◽  
Frank N.A.M. van Pelt ◽  
John O’Halloran ◽  
Marcel A.K. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Terrestrial Plants

scholarly journals Aquatic Macrophytes are Seasonally Important Dietary Resources for Moose

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Tischler ◽  
Severud ◽  
Peterson ◽  
Bump
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Isle Royale National Park ◽  
Aquatic Food

Moose (Alces alces) are generalist herbivores, but are important aquatic-terrestrial ecotone specialists. Aquatic macrophytes are a high-quality food source for moose during summer, but the importance of aquatic food sources to the moose diet is difficult to study. We used stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen from moose hooves and forage (terrestrial plants, aquatic macrophytes, and arboreal lichen) to assess the diet of moose at Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USA, using Bayesian mixing models. We also evaluated the isotopic variability along chronologies of serially sampled hooves. Overall, our mixing models indicate that 13%–27% of the summer moose diet was aquatic in origin. Among moose that died during winter, body condition was impaired and hoof 15N was higher where aquatic habitats were sparse. Although isotope chronologies preserved in hooves could significantly enhance our understanding of ungulate foraging ecology, interpretation of such chronologies is presently limited by our lack of knowledge pertaining to hoof growth rate and seasonal growth variability related to age and health. Distinct isotopic values among terrestrial plants, aquatic macrophytes, and arboreal lichens indicate that continued methodological advances in stable isotope ecology will lead to more precise estimates of the contribution of aquatic feeding to moose population dynamics and other ungulates.

scholarly journals Bulk and compound-specific δ13C and n-alkane indices in a palustrine intermontane record for assessing environmental changes over the past 320 ka: the Padul Basin (Southwestern Mediterranean realm)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. Ortiz ◽  
Trinidad Torres ◽  
Antonio Delgado ◽  
Maruja Valle ◽  
Vicente Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractHere we provide valuable information about the palaeoenvironmental evolution of Southwestern Mediterranean region during the last ca. 320 ka through a biomarker-based study of the longest continuous continental Quaternary record in the Iberian Peninsula. The n-alkane content and δ13C values of these lipids were measured in 300 samples taken from the uppermost 55 m of the Padul Basin (PB) record. The δ13C signal of long-chain n-alkanes was a reliable proxy for C4/C3 terrestrial vegetation composition in the basin, as emergent macrophytes made a minor contribution to these homologues. In contrast, the δ13C values of C23 and C25 alkanes reflected mainly phases of increasing water level of the lacustrine/palustrine water body since aquatic macrophytes contain a large proportion of these compounds. Low δ13C values were attributed to a marked contribution of plants using the C3 photosynthetic pathway. Intervals with the lowest δ13C values were attributed to an important input of angiosperms, although they could also be explained by changing environmental conditions or environmental stress, as large shifts in δ13C occurred in long-chain homologues typically abundant in terrestrial plants. Shifts in δ13C of medium-chain homologues reflected limited CO2 availability induced by water temperature, salinity, pH, enhanced productivity, low atmospheric pCO2, or stagnant barriers, rather than the abundance of aquatic macrophytes. Our results also suggest enhanced isotopic fractionation during lipid synthesis by aquatic macrophytes within MIS 7 and the Holocene, leading to increased δ13C values of bulk OM and of long-chain n-alkanes. Hence, the δ13C logs were ideal for studying the contribution of aquatic macrophytes to the lipid and isotopic composition of sediments and for the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions. These results confirmed that C4 plants had a low presence in the PB. Comparison with biomarker analysis and pollen data of the PB and other records of the Southwestern Mediterranean revealed that δ13C values of bulk OM and of long-chain n-alkanes reflected global climatic oscillations during MIS 7 and the episodes Heinrich Events 3, 2, 1 and Younger Dryas.

scholarly journals Trophic structure of a floodplain fish assemblage in the upper Amazon basin, Bolivia.

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Danny César Rejas Alurralde
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Terrestrial Plants

Amazonian fish assemblages are typically high in species diversity and trophic complexity. Stable isotopes are valuable tools to describe the trophic structure of such assemblages, providing useful information for conservation and ecological management. This study aimed at estimating the relative contribution of the different basal carbon sources to the diet of primary consumer fishes (herbivores and detritivores), and determining the trophic position (TP) of the dominant fishes from each trophic guild (herbivores, detritivores, invertivores and piscivores). For this purpose we analyzed stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in potential food sources, and muscle tissue of fishes in five oxbow lakes located in the floodplain of River Ichilo, Bolivia. Terrestrial plants and C3 aquatic macrophytes were the major carbon source contributing to the diet of herbivorous fishes, whereas particulate organic matter (POM) contributed more to the diet of detritivore fishes. In general, C4 aquatic macrophytes contributed little to the diet of herbivores and detritivores. However, we found a relatively high contribution of C4 macrophytes (28 %) to the diet of the herbivores Mylossoma duriventre and Schizodon fasciatus. We found a good agreement between our estimated TP values and the trophic group assigned based on diet composition from literature. The herbivore M. duriventre was at the bottom of the food web, being the baseline organism (TP = 2). The remaining primary consumers (herbivores and algivore/detritivores) exhibited relatively high TP values (2.3 - 2.9), probably due to their opportunistic feeding behavior. Omnivore/invertivore species studied displayed TP values near the 3.0 value expected for secondary consumers. Piscivore fishes were at the top TP, with TP values varying from 3.3 (Serrasalmus spilopleura and Serrasalmus rhombeus) to 3.8 (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum). The fact that detritivore fishes, the most abundant food source for piscivores, occupy relatively high TPs determines that food chains in these particular Amazonian floodplains are longer than previously thought.

scholarly journals Aquatic Macrophytes are Seasonally Important Dietary Resources for Moose

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren B. Tischler ◽  
William J. Severud ◽  
Rolf O. Peterson ◽  
Joseph K. Bump
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Isle Royale National Park

Moose (Alces alces) are generalist herbivores but are important aquatic-terrestrial ecotone specialists. Aquatic macrophytes are a high-quality food source for moose during the summer, however their relative importance to moose diet is difficult to study. We used stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen from moose hooves and forage (terrestrial plants, aquatic macrophytes, and arboreal lichen) to estimate the diet of moose at Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USA, and to evaluate the isotopic variability along chronologies of serially sampled hooves. We hypothesized that aquatic macrophyte consumption and winter body condition (as measured by bone marrow fat content) would be greater at the eastern end of the island where aquatic habitats were most abundant. We were unable to evaluate spatial differences in aquatic macrophyte consumption, but overall, our mixing model results suggest that between 13% and 27% of summer moose diet was from aquatic sources. Among moose that died during winter, body condition was impaired and hoof δ15N (measured at the hairline) was higher at the western end of the island, where aquatic habitats are sparse. Although isotope chronologies preserved in hooves could significantly enhance our understanding of ungulate foraging ecology, interpretation of such chronologies is presently limited by our lack of knowledge pertaining to hoof growth rate and seasonal dynamics in relation to age and health. Significant isotope distinction among terrestrial plants, aquatic macrophytes, and arboreal lichens indicate that continued methodological advances in stable isotope ecology will lead to more precise estimates of the contribution of aquatic feeding to moose population dynamics.

Establishment of Three Emergent Macrophytes Under Different Water Regimes

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. T. Giovannini ◽  
D. M. L. da Motta Marques
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Wetland Construction ◽  
Scirpus Californicus ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Plot Design

The behavior of three emergent aquatic macrophytes under different water regimes was studied with the aim of achieving reconvertion of degraded wetlands and wetland construction for water quality improvement. Scirpus californicus, Typha subulata and Zizaniopsis bonariensis establishment was evaluated under a split plot design, in a factorial experiment with three levels of a water regime factor over a subsoil substratum. The stagnant 10±2 cm water level was best suited to T. subulata and Z. bonariensis development and S. californicus developed better at oscillating water level (3±2 cm) with flooding at 48 hour intervals. The morphological response variables (thickness and width at half length of the tallest leaf or stem per plant, height of tallest leaf or stem per plant, number of green leaves or stems and number of shoots per plant, and survival of propagules' original leaves or stems) were satisfactory descriptors to differentiate (p<0.1%) growth of above ground parts as related to water regimes and species. The three species did survive satisfactory in subsoil-like substratum under the tested water regimes. Mortality was in the worse case, 17.2%, 36.7%, and 9.4% for S. californicus, T. subulata, and Z. bonariensis, respectively. Although Z. bonariensis growth was very poor, only S. californicus and T. subulata could be indicated for planting under similar limiting conditions.

Potential Use of Aquatic Macrophytes to Enhance the Treatment of Septic Tank Liquids

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perdomo ◽  
C. Bangueses ◽  
J. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Floating Macrophyte ◽  
Potential Use

In several urban and suburban areas, the problem of the disposal and treatment of septic tank liquids has not been solved yet. This paper deals with the primary operational evaluation of a conventional system of ponds used at Tarariras, in the Department of Colonia, Uruguay, as well as the potential use of aquatic macrophytes to enhance such treatment. The conventional system was sampled over a period of approximately one month at the end of the summer in order to determine the main parameters. Groups of up to 20 samples were studied to determine the normal distributions. Correlation coefficients were obtained for the normal probability plot between 0.84 and 0.99. The most relevant statistical characteristics were calculated for each parameter. The removal efficiency was 80.0% of BOD5, 58.5% of COD, 75.8% of NH4+-N, 9.5% of PO4−3-P and 38.5% of TSS. At the same time, batch and semi-continuous trials were carried out at bench scale with Eichhornia crassipes (floating macrophyte) and Typha latifolia (emergent macrophyte). The best efficiencies were obtained for the latter, with values of 96.6% of BOD5, 93.0% of COD, 99.6% of NH4+-N, 95.2% of PO4−3-P and 95.5% of TSS. It was concluded that constructed wetlands could be the answer to a more complete treatment process.

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