The development and application of psychophysical methods in upper-extremity work tasks and task elements

This investigation compared the effects of choice and assignment of preferred and nonpreferred tasks on the work performance of three students with moderate intellectual impairments and challenging behavior in a classroom setting. After assessing student task preferences, a multielement design was used to evaluate three conditions: (a) assigning a preferred task, (b) assigning a nonpreferred task, and (c) providing a choice between work tasks. Results indicated individual participant data were idiosyncratic and choice making failed to produce superior effects for any of the participants. Students' task preferences changed from preassessment to postassessment, although their nonpreferred tasks remained unchanged. Results are discussed in terms of previous research and future research needs with this student population.

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Moral Intensity, Perceived Impacts, and Task Motivation: Evidence From Volunteers

Business & Society ◽

10.1177/00076503211053023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000765032110530

Author(s):

Akwasi Opoku-Dakwa

Keyword(s):

Design Theory ◽

Social Issues ◽

Moral Intensity ◽

Work Design ◽

Psychological Mechanisms ◽

Task Motivation ◽

Work Tasks ◽

Community Impacts ◽

Perceived Impacts ◽

And Task

Although work tasks often address substantive social issues, the effects of issue characteristics on task motivation are little understood. This study explores this topic by examining how the moral characteristics of an issue (moral intensity) affect motivation in tasks intended to address the issue (task motivation). Adopting the lens of work design theory, I hypothesize that moral intensity increases task motivation through the mediation of perceived task impacts on the community (perceived community impacts), and that this effect will occur after controlling for the effects of perceived task impact on the worker and their organization. In two studies in the context of volunteering I find that, rather than acting in parallel with other task impacts, the effect of moral intensity through perceived community impacts is fully mediated by perceived organization and self impacts in a three-stage mediation. These findings demonstrate the potential relevance of issue characteristics such as moral intensity to work design theory and shed new light on the psychological mechanisms through which perceived prosocial impacts promote task motivation. I discuss implications for research and practice.

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Combined Cognitive-Strategy and Task-Specific Training Affects Cognition and Upper-Extremity Function in Subacute Stroke: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2016.017293 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 7002290010p1 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Timothy J. Wolf ◽

Helene Polatajko ◽

Carolyn Baum ◽

Jorge Rios ◽

Dianne Cirone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Strategy ◽

Specific Training ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Extremity Function ◽

Subacute Stroke ◽

Upper Extremity Function ◽

And Task

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Mirror Therapy and Task-Oriented Training for People With a Paretic Upper Extremity

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2018.025064 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 7202205080p1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Salvador Bondoc ◽

Julie Booth ◽

Grace Budde ◽

Katelyn Caruso ◽

Michelle DeSousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upper Extremity ◽

Mirror Therapy ◽

Task Oriented ◽

And Task

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The Effect of Convergency : Using Digital Contents Action Observation Educations and Task-Oriented Occupational Therapy on Activity of Daily Living and Upper Extremity Function in Patients With Stroke

Journal of Digital Convergence ◽

10.14400/jdc.2015.13.7.445 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 445-452

Author(s):

Ko-Un Kim ◽

Tae-Sue Kim ◽

Hye-Won Oh

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Daily Living ◽

Action Observation ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Extremity Function ◽

Digital Contents ◽

Upper Extremity Function ◽

Task Oriented ◽

And Task

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Impact of virtual reality game therapy and task-specific neurodevelopmental treatment on motor recovery in survivors of stroke

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation ◽

10.12968/ijtr.2019.0070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Alisha Kaur ◽

Gandhi Karunanithi Balaji ◽

A Sahana ◽

Suruliraj Karthikbabu

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Motor Recovery ◽

Table Tennis ◽

Trunk Control ◽

Game Therapy ◽

The Impact ◽

And Task

Background/Aims This study aimed to compare the impact of virtual reality game therapy and task-specific neurodevelopmental training on the motor recovery of upper limb and trunk control, as well as physical function, in people who have had a stroke. Methods This randomised, assessor-blinded clinical trial was conducted with 34 patients with post-stroke duration of 135 ± 23 days. Patients with first-onset cortical stroke aged 40–60 years, Mini-Mental State Examination score >20, ability to complete a nine-hole peg test within 120 seconds, ability to lift the affected arm at shoulder level and independent standing were included. Patients were excluded if they had unilateral neglect and musculoskeletal injuries of the affected limb in the past 2 months. Outcome measures used were the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Scale, Action Research Arm Test, Trunk Impairment Scale and Stroke Impact Scale-16. The virtual reality game therapy group performed interactive table tennis, boxing and discus throwing games. The neurodevelopmental treatment group underwent task-specific movements of the upper limb in sitting and standing. All patients performed 45 minutes of treatment, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Results Both groups showed improvements in all measures after training (P<0.05). There was a between-group difference of 3.47 points in Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Scale in favour of the virtual reality game therapy. Conclusions Both treatment regimens resulted in equal improvements in hand dexterity and trunk control after stroke. Virtual reality game therapy improved the upper limb motor recovery of stroke survivors to a greater extent than neurodevelopmental treatment.

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Upper Extremity Demands of Work Tasks Performed By Floor Layers

Journal of Hand Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.jht.2012.07.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. e10-e11

Author(s):

Jamie McGaha ◽

Kim Miller ◽

Bradley Evanoff ◽

Ann Marie Dale

Keyword(s):

Upper Extremity ◽

Work Tasks

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Task-level work engagement of self-employed and organizationally employed high-skilled workers

Career Development International ◽

10.1108/cdi-05-2016-0083 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 724-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aleksandra Bujacz ◽

Claudia Bernhard-Oettel ◽

Thomas Rigotti ◽

Petra Lindfors

Keyword(s):

Work Engagement ◽

Learning Opportunities ◽

Job Control ◽

Task Characteristics ◽

Skilled Workers ◽

Content Type ◽

Work Tasks ◽

Social Tasks ◽

Task Level ◽

And Task

Purpose Self-employed workers typically report higher well-being levels than employees. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanisms that lead to differences in work engagement between self-employed and organizationally employed high-skilled workers. Design/methodology/approach Self-employed and organizationally employed high-skilled workers (N=167) were compared using a multigroup multilevel analysis. Participants assessed their job control (general level) and reported their work engagement during work tasks (task level) by means of the Day Reconstruction Method. Aspects of job control (autonomy, creativity, and learning opportunities) and task characteristics (social tasks and core work tasks) were contrasted for the two groups as predictors of work engagement. Findings Self-employed workers reported higher levels of job control and work engagement than organizationally employed workers. In both groups, job control predicted work engagement. Employees with more opportunities to be creative and autonomous were more engaged at work. Self-employed workers were more engaged when they had more learning opportunities. On the task level, the self-employed were more engaged during core work tasks and social tasks. Practical implications The findings suggest that self-employment is an effective way for high-skilled workers to increase the amount of job control available to them, and to improve their work engagement. From an intervention perspective, self-employed workers may benefit most from more learning opportunities, more social tasks, and more core work tasks. Organizationally employed workers may appreciate more autonomy and opportunities for creativity. Originality/value This study contributes to a better understanding of the role that job control and task characteristics play in predicting the work engagement of high-skilled self-employed and organizationally employed workers.

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