Chemical- and species-specific toxicity of nonylphenol and octylphenol to microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus

ABSTRACT Antialgal allelochemicals were isolated from Phragmites communis Tris. The isolated allelopathic fraction showed strong inhibition activity on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Microcystis aeruginosa but had no inhibition on Chlorella vulgaris. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of the allelopathic fractions on C. pyrenoidosa and M. aeruginosa were 0.49 and 0.79 mg/liter, respectively. The allelopathic activity of the fraction was species-specific. The isolated allelopathic fraction caused metal ion leakage from algal cells. The fraction decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. The addition of the isolated fraction increased the concentration of unsaturated lipid fatty acids in cell membrane of C. pyrenoidosa and M. aeruginosa. This caused a change in plasma membrane integrity and the leakage of ions in the protoplast. The allelopathic compound was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate. Synthesized ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate also showed allelopathic activity on C. pyrenoidosa and M. aeruginosa. The EC50 of synthesized ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate on C. pyrenoidosa and M. aeruginosa were 0.49 and 0.65 mg/liter, respectively.

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Acute Toxicity of 12 Herbicides to the Green Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s001280131 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 347-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Ma ◽

W. Liang

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Green Algae ◽

Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa

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Transcription of the Hydrogenase Gene during H2 Production in Scenedesmus Obliquus and Chlorella Vulgaris

10.21203/rs.3.rs-342043/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yahaira de Jesus Tamayo Ordóñez ◽

Benjamin Abraham Ayil Gutiérrez ◽

Alejandro Ruiz Marin ◽

Francisco Alberto Tamayo Ordóñez ◽

Ileana Maria Mayela Moreno Davila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Molecular Hydrogen ◽

Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽

3D Structure ◽

H2 Production ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Production Values ◽

Hydrogenase Enzyme ◽

Species Specific

Abstract There is ongoing research related to the production of molecular hydrogen today and algae have proven to be good biological models for producing several compounds of interest. We analyzed how genetic variations in hydrogenase genes (hyd) can affect the production of molecular hydrogen in the algae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus. Through isolation and genetic characterization of hyd genes in S. obliquus and C. vulgaris, we made in-silico 3D modeling of the hydrogenase proteins and compared these in 11 algal genera. The 3D structure of hydrogenases indicated its structural conservation in 10 genera of algae, and the results of our grouping according to the aa characteristics of the proteins showed the formation of two groups, which were unrelated to the algae’s phylogenetic classification. By growing C. vulgaris and S. obliquus in anaerobic conditions (in darkness) during 24 h and after exposing the cultures to light, we observed H2 production values of 9.0 ± 0.40 mL H2/L and 16 ± 0.50 mL H2/L, respectively. The highest global relative expression of hyd genes was reached during the first 30 min of exposure to light. The behavior of the expression of the hyd genes in these species of algae proved to be species specific and involved in the production of H2. Future identification of isoforms of hyd genes in algae would allow a better understanding of the regulation of the hydrogenase enzyme.

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