Cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate correlates with apoptotic markers in cultured fibroblasts in first-episode schizophrenia individuals

BackgroundMembrane phospholipid and high-energy abnormalities measured with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) have been reported in patients with schizophrenia in several brain regions.AimsUsing improved imaging techniques, previously inaccessible brain regions were examined in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy volunteers with 4.0 T 31P-MRS.MethodBrain spectra were collected in vivo from 15 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 15 healthy volunteers from 15 cm3 effective voxels in the thalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus, anterior/posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex and parieto-occipital cortex.ResultsPeople with first-episode schizophrenia showed increased levels of glycerophosphocholine in the anterior cingulate. Inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate concentrations were also increased in the anterior cingulate in this group.ConclusionsThe increased phosphodiester and high-energy phosphate levels in the anterior cingulate of brains of people with first-episode schizophrenia may indicate neural overactivity in this region during the early stages of the illness, resulting in increased excitotoxic neural membrane breakdown.

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GREATER CORTICAL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA WHO ARE RESPONSIVE TO ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(08)70015-x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 102 (1-3) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Philip R. Szeszko ◽

Catherine L. Narr ◽

Owen R. Phillips ◽

Joanne McCormack ◽

Serge Sevy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Atypical Antipsychotics ◽

First Episode ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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ZNF804A rs1344706 is associated with cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical volume of the unmedicated first episode schizophrenia and healthy controls

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics ◽

10.1002/ajmg.b.32308 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 168 (4) ◽

pp. 265-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Qinling Wei ◽

Meng Li ◽

Zhuang Kang ◽

Leijun Li ◽

Feici Diao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cortical Volume ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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7T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in First-Episode Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbx190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Meredith A Reid ◽

Nouha Salibi ◽

David M White ◽

Timothy J Gawne ◽

Thomas S Denney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

First Episode ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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Cortical thickness in first-episode schizophrenia patients and individuals at high familial risk: A cross-sectional comparison

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 151 (1-3) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Emma Sprooten ◽

Martina Papmeyer ◽

Annya M. Smyth ◽

Daniel Vincenz ◽

Sibylle Honold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Familial Risk ◽

First Episode ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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White-matter microstructure in previously drug-naive patients with schizophrenia after 6 weeks of treatment

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291713000238 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 2301-2309 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Q. Wang ◽

C. Cheung ◽

W. Deng ◽

M. Li ◽

C. Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Early Phase ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Disease Process ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

First Episode ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

The Right ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the progressive changes in brain microstructural deficits documented in previous longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies might be due to the disease process or to other factors such as medication. It is important to explore the longitudinal alterations in white-matter (WM) microstructure in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia during the very early phase of treatment when relatively ‘free’ from chronicity.MethodThirty-five patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 22 healthy volunteers were recruited. High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained from participants at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. A ‘difference map’ for each individual was calculated from the 6-week follow-up fractional anisotropy (FA) of DTI minus the baseline FA. Differences in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores between baseline and 6 weeks were also evaluated and expressed as a 6-week/baseline ratio.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in absolute FA of WM around the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and the right anterior corona radiata of the frontal lobe in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia following 6 weeks of treatment. Clinical symptoms improved during this period but the change in FA did not correlate with the changes in clinical symptoms or the dose of antipsychotic medication.ConclusionsDuring the early phase of treatment, there is an acute reduction in WM FA that may be due to the effects of antipsychotic medications. However, it is not possible to entirely exclude the effects of underlying progression of illness.

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