Dynamic occupation assessment of executive function in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: An initial report

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 894-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chubarov ◽  
E. Sommerfeld ◽  
H. Hermesh ◽  
G. Shoval ◽  
M. Weiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractObjectiveThis study presents an initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Dynamic Occupation Assessment of Executive Function (DOAEF), a new tool designed to assess adolescents’ executive function (EF) in daily situations and offering two levels of mediation through the administration process.MethodIn the preliminary study, we tested 22 healthy adolescents. In the advanced stage, the instrument was administered to 105 healthy adolescents and to another 92 adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Information regarding EF was assessed by the DOAEF and Wisconsin Card Sorting Computer Version Test (WCST-CV-64).ResultsInter-rater, test–retest and internal consistency indices were found to be satisfactory. Correlation between the DOAEF and the WCST-CV-64 scores supports the DOAEF's convergent validity. Significant differences were found between the healthy participants and the adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, thus supporting the DOAEF's criterion validity.ConclusionThe DOAEF may be useful in assessing the level of mediation, which patients need for the comprehension of daily situations in which EFs are required.

scholarly journals A Short Course Computer-Based Cognitive Remediation in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Sedighnia ◽  
◽  
Samira Hatami ◽  
Mirsepassi Zahra ◽  
Mehdi Tehranidoost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cohen's D

Introduction: Cognitive remediation is used to improve cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Most of the previous studies had incorporated a long duration of a rehabilitation program. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a short course and easy to implement computer-based cognitive remediation on the cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using a randomized controlled trial design. Method: Sixty-two patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were enrolled in Roozbeh Hospital (Tehran, Iran) and were randomized to either receive a cognitive remediation program added to the standard pharmacological treatment (n=31) or the standard treatment alone (n=31). The remediation consisted of ten sessions of the cognitive training provided 2-3 times a week by applying the Cogpack software. The cognitive performance was assessed in attention, memory and executive function before and after the interventions by using the respective tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results: This study did not demonstrate any significant improvement in attention and executive function in the experimental vs control group. Nonetheless, we observed modest improvements in some aspects of visual memory (first trial memory score, F=9.152, P< 0.001, Cohen’s d=0.40; Mean errors to success, F= 6.991, P= 0.011, Cohen’s d=0.14; stages completed on first trial, F= 7.155, P= 0. 010, Cohen’s d=0.71; Total errors, F= 5.730, P= 0.020, Cohen’s d=0.53). Conclusion: We observed only modest improvements in the patients' cognitive functioning after a short-course of cognitive remediation. The short duration of the training and lack of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan may explain the findings.

scholarly journals Sleeping Stones and Other Implausible Agents: Agency of Subjects and Eye Movements in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Barattieri di San Pietro ◽  
Giovanni de Girolamo ◽  
Claudio Luzzatti ◽  
Marco Marelli
Keyword(s):  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Healthy Participants

This study aimed at testing the presence of a disrupted lexical representation of verbs thematic grid in people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD).A silent-reading task was administered to 32 people with SSD and 32 matched healthy participants (HP). Stimuli were sentences including or not a semantic violation of the animacy trait of the subject. Data on Gaze Duration (GD), Total Fixation Duration (TFD) on verbs, and probability of go-back movements from the verb were recorded.When the anomalous grammatical subject was the Agent of the event, we found a significant increase of GD in HCs, but not in SSDs. In addition, when the anomalous subject was a Theme, SSDs displayed an increased probability of regressions, unlike HCs.These results are suggestive of a higher tolerability for anomalous Agents in SSD compared to the normal population, possibly derived from a disrupted lexical representation of the verb thematic grid.

scholarly journals Abnormal bodily experiences detected by Abnormal Bodily Phenomena questionnaire are more frequent and severe in schizophrenia than in bipolar disorder with psychotic features

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini ◽  
Davide Palumbo ◽  
Massimo Ballerini ◽  
Armida Mucci ◽  
Francesco Catapano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Features

Abstract Background: Patients with schizophrenia display experiential anomalies in their feelings and cognitions arising in the domain of their lived body. These abnormal bodily phenomena (ABP) are not part of diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. One of the reasons is the difficulty to assess specific ABP for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The present study aimed to explore the presence in patients with schizophrenia of specific ABP. Methods: We used a semistructured interview—the Abnormal Bodily Phenomena questionnaire (ABPq), an instrument devised to detect and measure ABP specific to patients with schizophrenia. Fifty-one outpatients affected by schizophrenia and 28 euthymic outpatients affected by bipolar disorder type I with psychotic features (BD-pf-e) were recruited. Before assessing the specificity for schizophrenia of the observed ABP, we tested the internal consistency and the convergent validity of the ABPq in patients with schizophrenia. Specificity was assessed by examining potential differences in ABPq among the patients with schizophrenia in remission (SCZ-r) and BD-pf-e. Results: The ABPq shows strong internal consistency and convergent validity. As to the specificity, ABP measured by ABPq were more frequent and severe in SCZ-r than in BD-pf-e. In particular, all ABPq dimensions, except “Coherence,” had at least mild severity in over 50% of SCZ-r, while dimensions with at least mild severity were observed in 5–10% of the BD-pf-e. Conclusions: These findings can contribute to establish more precise phenomenal boundaries between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, to explore the borders between nonpsychotic and psychotic forms of ABP, between ABP and negative and disorganized symptoms, and to enlighten core aspects of schizophrenia.

Attributions for Hallucinations in Bipolar Affective Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hammersley ◽  
Katherine Taylor ◽  
John McGovern ◽  
Peter Kinderman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Attributions for hallucinations in the “schizophrenia” spectrum disorders have been subject to extensive investigation; however, in comparison very little is known about attributions for hallucinations in the bipolar disorders spectrum. Aims: This preliminary study is an attempt to investigate attributions for hallucinations in bipolar disorder with regard to prevalence, modality and mood state. Method: Forty participants were recruited from a larger randomized control trial into CBT for bipolar disorder and asked to provide information related to attributions for hallucinations both in and out of episode. Data was collected using a specially designed instrument based on the Belief about Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ). Results: Just under half of the participants reported experiencing true hallucinations during their illness. Participants tended to report visual hallucinations in mania and auditory hallucinations in depression. The vast majority of participants attributed hallucinations to illness when out of episode, and unlike in previously reported analyses of attributions for hallucinations in the schizophrenia spectrum, malevolent/omnipotent attributions were comparatively rare. Conclusions: Attributions for hallucinations in bipolar disorder may be clinically distinct from attributions previously observed in the schizophrenia spectrum, and CBT aimed at reducing the distress associated with these attributions may have to be tailored accordingly.

scholarly journals Cognitive Gain or Handicap: Magical Ideation and Self-Absorption in Clinical and Non-clinical Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Kállai ◽  
Gábor Vincze ◽  
Imre András Török ◽  
Rita Hargitai ◽  
Sándor Rózsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Gain ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: This study aimed to examine magical ideation and absorption traits across non-clinical and clinical groups to determine their potential adaptive and maladaptive functions.Method: We enrolled 760 healthy participants from neighboring communities (female = 53.2%). Moreover, we recruited 318 patients (female = 66.5%), which included 25, 183, and 110 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders, respectively. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive sociocognitive functions were measured to determine the role of magical ideation and self-absorption in patients with psychiatric disorders.Results: The degree of magical ideation and absorption gradually increased in the following order: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, enhanced self-absorption-related enhanced consciousness traits were essential indicators of the presence of self-integration weakness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Conclusion: Magical ideation and psychological absorption may be considered as mental model construction functions, which result in both gains and handicaps in social adaptation.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistics Analysis of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Patients’ Writing and Oral Speech (on the Example of the Autobiographical Texts)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
E. M. Akhmetzyanova ◽  
I. A. Tregubenko
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Healthy Participants

Introduction. There are speech disorders as one of the psychopathology diagnostics criteria in ICD and DSM. However, the linguistic component is not enough studied, so the study topic is actual. The use of text analysis allows to apply psycholinguistics approach to the objectification of thinking disorders. The objective of the study was aimed to detect psycholinguistics features of oral and written speech in patients with schizophrenia.Methods and materials. Participants were 29 schizophrenia patients, 20 patients with personality disorder and 25 healthy participants. Methods: expert assessment, anamnestic assessment, experimental-psychological (tests of thinking, collect memories), linguistic analysis, statistical analysis.Results. Oral speech of patients with schizophrenia is complex and volume, the writing speech is «factual», lexically varied and low communicative. In oral and writing speech of patients with schizophrenia, there are three text types correlated with thinking disorders. Texts of patients with schizophrenia are less volume, simpler in structure, describe more facts than thoughts and feelings, unlike patients with personality disorder and healthy participants.Conclusion. Texts of patients with schizophrenia, personality disorder and healthy participants are different in formal linguistics characteristics. Such characteristics of the speech of patients suffering from schizophrenia as a lot of impersonal sentences describing object attribute, complexly organized speech, emphasis on describing emotions and oneself using the pronoun «I» allow to suppose that the patient has thinking disorders: thinking distortion by formal and latent ways of object attributions, thinking purposefulness disorder, thinking «versatility».

Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-520
Author(s):  
Caterina Novara ◽  
Paolo Cavedini ◽  
Stella Dorz ◽  
Susanna Pardini ◽  
Claudio Sica
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Abstract. The Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD) is a semi-structured interview designed to assist clinicians in diagnosing a hoarding disorder (HD). This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the SIHD. For this purpose, its inter-rater reliability has been analyzed as well as its ability to differentiate HD from other disorders often comorbid. The sample was composed of 74 inpatients who had been diagnosed within their clinical environment: 9 with HD, 11 with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and HD, 22 with OCD, 19 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 13 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The results obtained indicated “substantial” or “perfect” inter-rater reliability for all the core HD criteria, HD diagnosis, and specifiers. The SIHD differentiated between subjects suffering from and not suffering from a HD. Finally, the results indicated “good” convergent validity and high scores were shown in terms of both sensitivity and specificity for HD diagnosis. Altogether, the SIHD represents a useful instrument for evaluating the presence of HD and is a helpful tool for the clinician during the diagnostic process.

Screening Adolescents for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cornblatt ◽  
M. Obuchowski ◽  
S. Roberts ◽  
S. Pollack ◽  
L. Erienmeyer-Kimling
Keyword(s):  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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