A systematic review of service transitions in people with ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S58-S58
Author(s):  
F. McNicholas ◽  
M. Tatlow-Golden ◽  
B. Gavin ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Transition Boundary ◽  
Low Rate

BackgroundYoung people (YP) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are recognized to be a group who are particularly vulnerable to falling through the gap regarding transitioning from Child and Adolescent Mental health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS). This presentation will combine a systematic review of the literature with some clinical examples of the pathway for a number of YP with ADHD who reach the transition boundary (TB).Method(1) Databases (e.g., PubMed, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge), and grey literature, were searched systematically with database-specific key words, variants and truncations, to cover six subject areas: ADHD; transition or transfer; age; experiences or views; service development; and policies or protocols. Hand searching of key journals, ancestry and forward searches of references, and expert consultation were conducted. Two reviewers critically evaluated studies using a validated appraisal tool for mixed methodologies and findings were synthesized. (2) Following ethical approval, CAMHS clinicians from 9 clinics in Republic of Ireland identified all cases where a YP with ADHD had reached the TB, and identified referral/service outcomes (n = 20).ResultsThe search yielded 27 studies, covering areas of service review and recommendations (7), guidelines (3), medication (5), case note audit (3), professional's views (5), pilot transition clinics (2). A further set of papers covered the perspective of the young person (4) and parent (2). Overall these highlighted the less than optimum experience by both clinicians and service users of the experience with suggestions for future developments. These findings were mirrored in the review of clinical notes and individual interviews of YP identified through their CAMHS. Of the 20 young people identified, only 1 was directly transferred to AMHS. Eight were retained in CAMHS, on average for over a year. A significant number (7) refused onward referral. A perception from CAMHS clinicians, that AMHS did not accept such cases or lacked relevant service/expertise, may have contributed to the low rate of referral.ConclusionBoth the extant literature and the specific study presented highlight the lack of clear cut consensus about the appropriate management of young people with ADHD have who reach the transition boundary. Low rates of AMHS transfer may come from CAMHS clinicians’ perceptions of AMHS, and preferences of young people and families. Before assuming the very low rate of referral by CAMHS clinicians is poor practice, clinical outcomes need to be identified, young people's reasons for refusing transfer explored and service options identified.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Who is in the transition gap? Transition from CAMHS to AMHS in the Republic of Ireland

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. McNicholas ◽  
M. Adamson ◽  
N. McNamara ◽  
B. Gavin ◽  
M. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Transition Boundary ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Service Need

ObjectiveThe ITRACK study explored the process and predictors of transition between Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) in the Republic of Ireland.MethodFollowing ethical approval, clinicians in each of Ireland’s four Health Service Executive (HSE) areas were contacted, informed about the study and were invited to participate. Clinicians identified all cases who had reached the transition boundary (i.e. upper age limit for that CAMHS team) between January and December 2010. Data were collected on clinical and socio-demographic details and factors that informed the decision to refer or not refer to the AMHS, and case notes were scrutinised to ascertain the extent of information exchanged between services during transition.ResultsA total of 62 service users were identified as having crossed the transition boundary from nine CAMHS [HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster (n=40, 66%), HSE South (n=18, 30%), HSE West (n=2, 3%), HSE Dublin North (n=1, 2%)]. The most common diagnoses were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n=19, 32%), mood disorders (n=16, 27%), psychosis (n=6, 10%) and eating disorders (n=5, 8%). Forty-seven (76%) of those identified were perceived by the CAMHS clinician to have an ‘on-going mental health service need’, and of these 15 (32%) were referred, 11 (23%) young people refused and 21 (45%) were not referred, with the majority (12, 57%) continuing with the CAMHS for more than a year beyond the transition boundary. Young people with psychosis were more likely to be referred [χ2 (2, 46)=8.96, p=0.02], and those with ADHD were less likely to be referred [χ2 (2, 45)=8.89, p=0.01]. Being prescribed medication was not associated with referral [χ2 (2, 45)=4.515, p=0.11]. In referred cases (n=15), there was documented evidence of consent in two cases (13.3%), inferred in another four (26.7%) and documented preparation for transition in eight (53.3%). Excellent written communication (100%) was not supported by face-to-face planning meetings (n=2, 13.3%), joint appointments (n=1, 6.7%) or telephone conversations (n=1, 6.7%) between corresponding clinicians.ConclusionsDespite perceived on-going mental health (MH) service need, many young people are not being referred or are refusing referral to the AMHS, with those with ADHD being the most affected. CAMHS continue to offer on-going care past the transition boundary, which has resource implications. Further qualitative research is warranted to understand, in spite of perceived MH service need, the reason for non-referral by the CAMHS clinicians and refusal by the young person.

scholarly journals Pathways to mental health services for young people: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen MacDonald ◽  
Nina Fainman-Adelman ◽  
Kelly K. Anderson ◽  
Srividya N. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services

scholarly journals Transition from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S347-S348
Author(s):  
Tania Saour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Transition Plan

BackgroundThe prevalence and recognition of mental health conditions in young people is growing. Around 50% of lifetime mental illness (except dementia) begins by the age of 14. Around 75% of adults requiring secondary mental health services developed problems prior to 18.The TRACK study of young people's transitions from CAMHS to AMHS has found that up to a third of teenagers are lost from care during transition and a further third experience an interruption in their care.A CQUIN for Transition has concluded that young children should have a transition plan 6 months before they turn 18.MethodAll young people aged 17 and a half years old were included in the data collection for this audit. Clinical information was reviewed using the West London RIO computer system. While reviewing the clinical documentation I was recording whether:Transitional plans had been discussed with the young person.If yes, what were they?Had a referral been made to the appropriate service?ResultThere were 180 open cases to the Hounslow Adolescent Team. 35 cases were over 18:At least 16 of these cases needed to be closed as no intervention was being provided.14 cases had an unclear plan.Of the 25 cases aged between 17.5 and 18 years of age transitional plans were:Transition was discussed in 11 cases (44%). This meant that transitional plans were not discussed in 56% of young people.Of these 11 cases 7 referrals were completed. (28%)ConclusionThe lack of consistent protocols for transition remains a significant barrier to health care provided to young people.Transitional planning needs to take place in an effective and timely manner to ensure continued patient centred care.Transitional discussions to be made a regular agenda item at team meetings.Care co-ordinator to be informed and reminded that transitional plans need to be explored with young people.Following a re-audit of this data 6 months on 100% of cases over the age of 18 were closed and transition was discussed in the remaining 56%.

Measuring parent satisfaction in youth mental health services

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen O’Reilly ◽  
Alanna Donnelly ◽  
Jennifer Rogers ◽  
Olive Maloney ◽  
Gillian O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Parent Satisfaction ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth And Change

Purpose Measuring parent satisfaction is regarded as essential but there is a paucity of research reporting on parental satisfaction with community youth mental health services. This study aims to examine parent satisfaction with Jigsaw – a primary care youth mental health service. Design/methodology/approach A measure of parent satisfaction was developed and administered to parents in 12 Jigsaw services over a two-year period (n = 510, age range: 28 to 70 years) when young people and parents were ending their engagement with these services. Findings Overall, parents had high levels of satisfaction with Jigsaw and their level of satisfaction did not vary depending on the parent or young person’s age and/or gender. Examination of qualitative feedback revealed three overarching themes relating to growth and change in young people, parents and their families; strengths of the service and; suggestions for future service development. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the measure provided evidence for a two-factor structure examining satisfaction with the intervention and outcomes and service accessibility and facilities. Originality/value This study represents one of the first efforts to measure parent satisfaction with primary care youth mental health services. It has resulted in the development of a brief measure that can be more widely administered to parents engaging with primary care youth mental health services.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: demographic and clinical characteristics of the MILESTONE longitudinal cohort of young people approaching the upper age limit of their child mental health care service in Europe

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e053373
Author(s):  
Suzanne E Gerritsen ◽  
Athanasios Maras ◽  
Larissa S van Bodegom ◽  
Mathilde M Overbeek ◽  
Frank C Verhulst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Age Limit

PurposeThe presence of distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) impacts continuity of mental health treatment for young people. However, we do not know the extent of discontinuity of care in Europe nor the effects of discontinuity on the mental health of young people. Current research is limited, as the majority of existing studies are retrospective, based on small samples or used non-standardised information from medical records. The MILESTONE prospective cohort study aims to examine associations between service use, mental health and other outcomes over 24 months, using information from self, parent and clinician reports.ParticipantsSeven hundred sixty-three young people from 39 CAMHS in 8 European countries, their parents and CAMHS clinicians who completed interviews and online questionnaires and were followed up for 2 years after reaching the upper age limit of the CAMHS they receive treatment at.Findings to dateThis cohort profile describes the baseline characteristics of the MILESTONE cohort. The mental health of young people reaching the upper age limit of their CAMHS varied greatly in type and severity: 32.8% of young people reported clinical levels of self-reported problems and 18.6% were rated to be ‘markedly ill’, ‘severely ill’ or ‘among the most extremely ill’ by their clinician. Fifty-seven per cent of young people reported psychotropic medication use in the previous half year.Future plansAnalysis of longitudinal data from the MILESTONE cohort will be used to assess relationships between the demographic and clinical characteristics of young people reaching the upper age limit of their CAMHS and the type of care the young person uses over the next 2 years, such as whether the young person transitions to AMHS. At 2 years follow-up, the mental health outcomes of young people following different care pathways will be compared.Trial registration numberNCT03013595.

Young offenders ' and their families ' experiences of mental health interventions

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jack ◽  
Caroline Lanskey ◽  
Joel Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intervention Process ◽  
Mental Health Interventions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relevance of young people ' s experiences of mental health interventions with Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) before and during their time with youth offending services. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative interpretive study involved 14 interviews with young people who had offended, five of their carers and five CAMHS professionals from one local authority. Findings – The paper identifies understanding, recognition, respect and trust as key principles in the practitioner-young person relationship, and in the intervention process more broadly, and suggests that systematic consultation with young people and their caregivers about their experience of mental health interventions would be beneficial. It notes important similarities and differences in the views of the different parties which shed further light on reasons why a young person may or may not engage with mental health services. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on a small sample of young people from one service, but it is hoped that the findings will be a useful springboard for other services to reflect upon. Practical implications – The paper proposes the importance of recognising young people ' s agency in the intervention process and the value of systematic consultation with young people and their caregivers for securing their engagement in interventions. Originality/value – The study takes a multi-perspective approach (of young people, their carers and practitioners) to capture the synergies and tensions in the expectations of and interactions between young people, practitioners and caregivers.

Using digital mood monitoring technology to support the assessment, engagement and empowerment of young people presenting to mental health services with mood instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S545-S545
Author(s):  
M. Dubad ◽  
S. Marwaha ◽  
C. Winsper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Monitoring Applications

BackgroundDigital mood-monitoring technology, such as mood-monitoring applications, is increasingly advocated within clinical research and is a potentially effective method to engage and empower youth. However, limited evidence is available on this type of technology.Objectives(1) To assess the evidence for the use of mobile mood-monitoring applications in youth; (2) to explore what available smartphone application would be most suitable to monitor mood from the perspective of young people; (3) to examine whether mood-monitoring applications are useful for investigating mood instability in youth; (4) to explore the utility and acceptability of using the mood-monitoring application from young people's and clinicians’ perspectives.AimTo investigate how mood-monitoring applications can be used to support the assessment, engagement and empowerment of young people presenting to mental health services with a range of diagnoses in which mood instability forms a key component.MethodsA systematic review using a Cochrane methodology was conducted. After obtaining ethical approval, this study will also employ a mixed methods approach, through which quantitative findings (e.g., digital mood-monitoring data) will be furnished with an in-depth understanding of young people's views on digital mood-monitoring technology.ResultsFindings from a systematic review focusing on the evidence for the psychometric properties, usability and clinical impacts of applications in youth will be presented. Preliminary results from consultations groups and plans for future research will also be discussed.ConclusionsEvidence acquired through this research can potentially influence mental health policies and result in more innovative (adjunct) interventions and improved outcomes for young people with mood instability.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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