scholarly journals Temporal trends in canopy temperature and greenness are potential indicators of late-season drought avoidance and functional stay-green in wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 108311
Author(s):  
Jonas Anderegg ◽  
Helge Aasen ◽  
Gregor Perich ◽  
Lukas Roth ◽  
Achim Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Drought Avoidance

scholarly journals Temperature Relationships of Peanut Leaf Canopy, Stem, and Fruit in Soil of Varying Temperature and Moisture

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Sanders ◽  
Paul D. Blankenship ◽  
Richard J. Cole ◽  
Robert A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Peanut Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Cooling Coils

Abstract Physiological processes of plants are affected by temperature and temperature variation of individual plant parts has been demonstrated to affect such physiological interactions as source-sink relationships. Determination of plant part temperatures in relation to the surrounding environment, especially during stress, may provide significant information relative to how plants respond to various stress environments. To determine peanut plant part temperatures in various environments, rainfall control research plots equipped either with heating cables or cooling coils were utilized to grow Florunner peanuts and implement treatments of various soil temperatures under water stress and irrigated conditions. Peanut stem and pod temperatures were monitored automatically at 2-hr intervals with attached and implanted thermocouples. Canopy temperatures, determined by infrared thermometry, were related to water stress but were apparently unrelated to varying soil tempertures. Late-season, afternoon (1:00 p.m.) canopy temperature in the irrigated treatment averaged 28.5 C and mean canopy temperatures in all water stressed treatments were 35±1 C. Late-season plant stem temperature/soil temperature means in irrigated, water stressed-heated soil, water stressed, and water stressed-cooled soil treaments were 21.6 C/21.6 C, 25.2 C/30.2 C, 25.0 C/ 25.C, and 23.3 C/ 20.6 C, respectively. Peanut pod temperatures ranged higher and lower than soil temperature in each plot and maximum pod temperatures often occurred earlier than maximum soil temperature. Concurrent pod, stem, and air maximum and minimum temperatures suggest the strong influence of aerial plant-part temperatures on temperatures of the subterranean fruit. The results of this study show the effect of moisture and temperature stress on peanut plant part temperatures and demonstrate the relationships which result from the unique subterranean fruiting habit.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Stress on Yield, Its Components and Some Physiological Traits at Different Growth Stages in Grain Sorghum Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Ali AZARINASRABAD ◽  
Seyyed Mohsen MOUSAVINIK ◽  
Mohammad GALAVI ◽  
Seyyed Alireza BEHESHTI ◽  
Alireza SIROUSMEHR
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Radiation Use

Investigation on yield improvement and development under drought condition using breeding techniques is difficult, due to the association with low heritability of specific traits. Even more, investigation of physiological indicators (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index, relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, canopy temperature, radiation use efficiency, stay-green etc.) is of interest as they are more accessible, with a low cost, therefore these indicators of physiological traits can be used as good criteria in selecting valuable species. In order to evaluate the effects of water stress on grain yield, its components and some physiological traits of grain sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L.), a field experiment using split plot design with three replications was carried. The main plots included three water stress treatments: normal irrigation as control, halting irrigation at the stage of terminal leaf emergence and halting irrigation at the stage of 50% flowering. The sub-plots included 10 genotypes of sorghum (‘KGS29’, ‘MGS2’, ‘Sepideh’, ‘KGFS27’, ‘MGS5’, ‘KGFS5’, ‘KGFS17’, ‘KGFS13’ and ‘KGFS30’). Results showed that water stress significantly decreased grain yield and its components (1,000 seed weight, number of seed per panicle) and had various effects on physiological traits. The water stress increased canopy temperature and radiation use efficiency, while stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index (SPAD) and stay-green of genotypes were decreased; the maximum efficiency of photosystem II of photosynthesis remained unchanged between the treatments. Genotypes turned out to have significantly different responses to the drought treatments for all the studied traits, indicating the existence of a high variability among them. In general, physiological traits could be used as good indicators in water stress investigations and might provide comprehensive information as compared with morphological traits.

scholarly journals 429 Detecting Incipient Water Stress in Buffalograss and Kentucky Bluegrass through Foliage Temperature using Lowcost Infrared Sensors

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 467C-467
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Stewart ◽  
Roger Kjelgren
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Drought Avoidance

Infrared sensors were used to quantify canopy temperature and thus detect differences in incipient water stress between a cool-season grass [Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis)] and a warm-season grass [buffalograss (BG) (Buchloe dactyloides)]. The infrared sensors, connected to a datalogger, measured average hourly leaf–air temperatures (TL–TA) 1 m above eight replicate plots of Kentucky bluegrass and eight replicate plots of buffalograss. Air temperature and relative humidity from a nearby weather station were used to calculate the average hourly vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In late July, we ceased irrigating and measured TL–TA and soil water content while allowing the turf to dry down for 5 weeks. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe. Both species exhibited a significant relationship between TL–TA and VPD. As the VPD increased, TL–TA decreased in both species (KBG r2 = 0.73, BG r2 = 0.71) on the 2nd day after an irrigation during well-watered conditions. An artifact was created on the first day after an irrigation as a result of excessive surface evaporation. KBG and BG were similar under well-watered conditions. KBG had a higher TL–TA after 4 to 5 days without irrigation. By contrast, BG did not have a higher TL–TA until 25 to 30 days without irrigation. Part of BG's drought avoidance was extraction of soil water down to 0.9 m vs. 0.45 m for KBG.

scholarly journals Difference between Canopy Temperature and Air Temperature as a Criterion for Drought Avoidance in Crop Genotypes under Field Conditions in Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minehiko FUKUOKA ◽  
Hideo TANI ◽  
Kazuto IWAMA ◽  
Toshihiro HASEGAWA ◽  
Yutaka JITSUYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Drought Avoidance

Root Growth of Four Common Bean Cultivars in Relation to Drought Tolerance in Environments with Contrasting Soil Types

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Sponchiado ◽  
J. W. White ◽  
J. A. Castillo ◽  
P. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYRoot growth of two drought tolerant and two drought sensitive bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) lines was compared at two locations in Colombia differing primarily in soil conditions. At Palmira, roots of drought tolerant lines reached a depth of 1.3 m, while drought sensitive lines only reached 0.8 m. These differences were associated with differences in seed yield, crop growth, canopy temperature and soil moisture extraction. Under acid soil conditions at Quili-chao, seed yields of supposedly drought tolerant genotypes were similar to those of the drought sensitive lines, and root growth of all four lines was restricted to less than 0.8 m. Drought avoidance through greater root growth and extraction of soil moisture appears to be an important drought tolerance mechanism in common beans, but its usefulness is limited where soil conditions restrict root growth.

Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Jianyuan Ni ◽  
Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yueqing Li ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Share Information

Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined. Results Around 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships. Conclusions Twitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.

Modelling In-Patient Bed Usage Behaviour in a Department of Geriatric Medicine

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Millard ◽  
S. McClean
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Geriatric Hospital ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Acute Patients

Abstract:The flow of patients through geriatric hospitals has been previously described in terms of acute and long-stay states where the bed occupancy at a census point is modelled by a mixed exponential model. Using data for sixteen years the model was fitted to successive annual census points, in order to provide a description of temporal trends. While the number of acute patients has remained fairly stable during the period, the model shows that there has been a decrease in the number of long-stay patients. Mean lengths of stay in our geriatric hospital before death or discharge have decreased during the study period for both acute and long-stay patients.Using these fits of the mixed exponential model to census data, a method is provided for predicting future turnover of patients. These predictions are reasonably good, except when the turnover patterns go through a period of flux in which assumption of stability no longer holds. Overall, a methodology is presented which relates census analysis to the behaviour of admission cohorts, thus producing a means of predicting future behaviour of patients and identifying where there is a change in patterns.

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