Aim: The aim of this study was to determine and compare anthocyanin content and profile under variable irrigation regimes in four red grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.), the Greek indigenous cvs. Agiorgitiko and Xinomavro, alongside Syrah and Grenache noir.Methods and results: Three irrigation treatments were applied in a 6-year-old vineyard comprising all four varieties in a block design, starting at bunch closure (E-L 32) through harvest of 2012 and 2013: full irrigation (FI) at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), deficit irrigation (DI) at 50% of ETc and non-irrigated (NI). The identification of the compounds was performed by HPLC. Results showed that, under the hot summer conditions of the Greek climate, the four cultivars had a similar response regarding vigor and yield parameters, with values increasing with water supply. Anthocyanin concentration was maximized under non-irrigated conditions in all cultivars, but anthocyanin profile and relative distribution of individual anthocyanins among irrigation treatments showed a strong cultivar effect.Conclusion: Xinomavro seemed to favor the synthesis of more stable forms of anthocyanins under limited water supply (acylated over non-acylated and tri-oxygenated & methoxylated on the B-ring over di-oxygenated & hydroxylated) while Agiorgitiko had an opposite behavior, which might imply a need for a different irrigation strategy.Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative report of anthocyanin composition and profile in berry skin, under contrasting water status, for the two most important red winegrapes of Greece.
Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors of Stilbenes Production in Vitis vinifera L. Cell Culture
