Carotenoids and xanthophyll esters of yellow and red nance fruits (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth) from Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Irías-Mata ◽  
Víctor M. Jiménez ◽  
Christof Björn Steingass ◽  
Ralf M. Schweiggert ◽  
Reinhold Carle ◽  
...  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 70

Las abejas sin aguijón son importantes polinizadores en regiones tropicales y subtropicales; están asociadas a la flora que les proporciona alimento, sitios para anidamiento, resinas, savia y exudados. Se buscó determinar la asociación entre abejas y flora en el sector cerro El Hacha (bosque primario intervenido) y sector Pocosol (bosque secundario) del Parque Nacional Guanacaste, donde se inventariaron los nidos en 33 parcelas de 20 x 20 m². Se colectó polen de plantas dentro de las parcelas y alrededor de los nidos (radio de 500 m) y se recolectaron y analizaron cargas corbiculares de polen de abejas atrapadas con redes entomológicas en la entrada de los nidos. En el cerro El Hacha se colectó polen de tres nidos de Scaptotrigona pectoralis y en Pocosol se colectó polen de dos nidos de Trigona fulviventris. Se obtuvo una densidad de 4.43 nidos/ha-1, de las especies: Tetragonisca angustula, Tetragona ziegleri, Plebeia frontalis y Trigona fulviventris. Los nidos se encuentran en los troncos de árboles, con preferencia por el Quercus oleoides, donde se halló el 50 % de estos. Las plantas alimenticias utilizadas por S. pectoralis en el cerro El Hacha, fueron: Cupania guatemalensis (30 %), Byrsonima crassifolia (21 %) y Cedrela odorata (15 %). Mientras para T. fulviventris en el sector Pocosol las plantas más importantes fueron Baltimora recta (26 %), Dorstenia contrajerva (9 %) y Desmodium sp. (9 %). Es evidente el importante papel que cumple la especie arbórea Quercus oleoides para la conservación de las poblaciones de estos insectos.


Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).


2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.


Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
M García ◽  
F Michelangeli ◽  
Á Fernández ◽  
JE Villamizar ◽  
F Salazar ◽  
...  

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