scholarly journals Conversion of natural forests to managed forest plantations decreases tree resistance to prolonged droughts

2015 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Domec ◽  
John S. King ◽  
Eric Ward ◽  
A. Christopher Oishi ◽  
Sari Palmroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Tree Resistance

scholarly journals The role of forest plantations in the world's future timber supply

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Sedjo
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intensively Managed

The nature of society's wood supply is changing. Traditionally, industrial wood has been harvested from natural forests created by nature. In the recent past, however, this situation has been changing. Planted forests have become common in some regions, e.g., much of Europe, over the past 200 years. Recently, since about 1960, intensively managed forest plantations have become increasingly common in a number of regions, including North America, Latin America, Oceania and parts of Asia. This paper explores some of the forces driving plantation forestry and some of the impacts. The experience of the U.S. is given as a type of "case study" of the types of changes that have occurred, and then a broader global discussion is undertaken. The effects of policy, technology and public attitudes on forestry are examined, both as they have influenced the past and as they are likely to impact forestry in the future. Key words: plantations, intensive management, forest policy, technology, public attitudes

Nested forest nutrient cycles: implications for plantation management

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Q. Hendrickson ◽  
J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Internal Storage ◽  
Storage Pools

Natural forests may be viewed as containing nested nutrient cycles: an "external" cycle mediated by atmospheric processes, a "soil" cycle of litter production and decay, and one or more "plant" cycles involving retranslocation and internal storage pools. The goal of plantation forest management should be to enhance all of these cycles. Stimulating the "external" cycle by adding fertilizer nutrients is likely to increase "soil" and "plant" cycling rates as well. A basic understanding of how these nested cycles are linked can improve the management of nutrients in forest plantations.

scholarly journals Exploring the factors affecting carbon and nutrient concentrations in tree biomass components in natural forests, forest plantations and short rotation forestry

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro ◽  
Cristina Eimil-Fraga ◽  
Esteban Gómez-García ◽  
Juan Daniel García-Villabrille ◽  
Alberto Rojo-Alboreca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Biomass Components

Long-term forest utilization can decrease forest floor microhabitat diversity: evidence from boreal Fennoscandia

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Kuuluvainen ◽  
Raija Laiho
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Utilization

Forest floor microhabitat diversity was studied in old Pinus sylvestris L. dominated forest sites in two regions within the middle boreal vegetation zone in Fennoscandia: in 50 managed forest sites in the Häme region in southwestern Finland and in 45 natural or old selectively logged forest sites in the Kuhmo–Viena region in northeastern Finland and northwestern Russia. The forests in the Häme region are characterized by a long history of forest utilization, while the forests in the Kuhmo–Viena region can be regarded as natural or near natural. The managed forest sites in Häme had significantly lower forest floor microhabitat diversity compared with natural and near-natural forests. Microhabitats that were significantly more scarce in managed versus natural and near-natural forest sites included humps, depressions, decayed wood, and vicinity of decayed wood. On the other hand, even ground was significantly more abundant in managed forest compared with natural and near-natural forest. Microhabitat availability was also reflected in the occurrence of tree saplings growing in different microhabitats. The results suggest that long-term forest utilization has decreased forest floor microhabitat diversity. This has occurred because of a decreased amount of fallen deadwood and, possibly, lack of soil disturbances because of fewer uprootings caused by falling trees.

Ecological and Ethnobotanical Characterisation of Gujarat Forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-27
Author(s):  
S. P.S. Kushwaha ◽  
G. D. Bhatt ◽  
D. M. Tadvi ◽  
S. Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest ◽  
Anogeissus Pendula

This study focused on the ecological and ethnobotanical characteristics of the natural forests, forest plantations, and forest orchards in the Gujarat state of India through an extensive field survey of trees, shrubs, and herbs over a span of four years. We inventoried 345 tree, 345 shrub, and 1,380 herb plots using a stratified random sampling design. In all, 706 species [trees (224), shrubs (68), and herbs (414)] were recorded. The highest number of species were noted in teak mixed dry deciduous forest (207), followed by scrub (132), thorn forest (91), grassland (78), teak mixed moist deciduous forest (51), forest plantations (34), degraded forest (30), Prosopis juliflora scrub (24), forest orchard (19), ravine thorn forest (16), Anogeissus pendula forest (8), riverain forest (8), Eucalyptus plantation (6), mangrove forest (1), and mangrove scrub (1). Fabaceae was observed to be the dominant family. Out of total species, twenty-nine (29) species were found to be rare (25), endangered (2), and threatened (2). Fabaceae was also the dominant family for rare, endangered, and threatened (RET) species. Six endemic species were recorded. The highest value of Shannon’s Index of plant diversity was noticed in teak mixed dry deciduous forest (3.14), followed by teak mixed moist deciduous forest (2.96), ravine thorn forest (2.08), forest plantations (1.97), thorn forest (1.64), riverine forest (1.41), and degraded forest (1.49). Two hundred fifty-two species, including trees (24), shrubs (101), herbs (123), climbers (3), and bamboo (1) found to be ethnobotanically important. Fabaceae happened to be the dominant family in terms of ethnobotanically important plants too.

The impact of forest management on changes in composition of terricolous lichens in dry acidophilous Scots pine forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alica DINGOVÁ KOŠUTHOVÁ ◽  
Ivana SVITKOVÁ ◽  
Ivan PIŠÚT ◽  
Dušan SENKO ◽  
Milan VALACHOVIČ
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study focuses on dry acidophilous Scots pine forests, well known for their high biodiversity of cryptogams. We hypothesized that dense forests and heavy management were responsible for changes in species diversity, decreasing trends in lichen cover and increasing moss cover. This hypothesis was tested in three types of Scots pine forests maintained under three different management regimes: 1) managed forests (forest plantations regenerated by planting), 2) semi-natural forests (forest plantations regenerated naturally), both located in the Borská nížina lowland in SW Slovakia, and 3) natural forests (primordial vegetation without visible management actions from the associationCladonio-PinetumJuraszek 1928), located in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, NW Poland.We observed that the cover of the canopy tree layer had the most significant influence on the diversity of lichens. Managed forests are planted and maintained to achieve denser tree stocking, and although the environmental conditions created appear optimal for moss species, they are less suitable for terricolous lichens.

Birch leaf endophytes in managed and natural boreal forests

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3239-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Helander ◽  
Piippa Wäli ◽  
Timo Kuuluvainen ◽  
Kari Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
The Difference

Fungal endophytes of birch trees are nonsystemic and transmitted horizontally by spores. Because the endophytes reinfect the leaves every growing season, the frequency of occurrence and species composition of the fungi depend on various abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. This was a study of possible effects of silviculture and local environmental variables on endophyte frequencies. Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaves were sampled from seedling stands (five transects), managed mature forest (seven transects), and old natural forest (five transects) in the boreal vegetation zone in east-central Finland. The sapling stands had the highest endophyte frequency and the managed forest the lowest total infection frequency. The old natural forest tended to have the most diverse identified fungal species community, but the difference was not statistically significant. The most frequently isolated endophytic fungi were Fusicladium betulae (Rob. & Desm.) Aderh., consisting of 70% of the isolates from the sapling stands and 31% and 21% of the isolates from the managed forest and natural forest, respectively. It is probable that the sapling stands had plenty of available spores combined with an otherwise favourable microclimate. In the natural forests Gnomonia setacea (Pers.:Fr.) Ces. & de Not. was the most frequently isolated endophyte (30%), while in the sapling stands only 4% of the isolates belonged to G. setacea. In natural forest the frequency of G. setacea infections was positively correlated with stand age, indicating that G. setacea is favouring the old forest habitats.

Diversity of moths in forest plantations and natural forests in Sabah

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chey ◽  
J. D. Holloway ◽  
M. R. Speight
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Natural Secondary Forest ◽  
Invertebrate Diversity ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Disturbed Forest

AbstractThe diversity of macromoths in the various fast-growing exotic tree plantations and natural secondary forest in Brumas, Sabah, Malaysia was assessed by means of an annual cycle of light-trap samples. The moth diversity in the forest plantations, viz. Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea, Paraserianthes (=Albizia) falcataria, Pinus caribaea, and in particular Eucalyptus deglupta, was unexpectedly high. Eucalyptus deglupta showed moth diversity as high as that in the natural secondary forest, a finding attributed to the fact that the E. deglupta plantation had a very diverse understorey both in terms of plant species (secondary regrowth species) and architecture, and thus supported a more diverse moth fauna. Subsidiary samples showed that primary natural forest in the neighbouring Danum Valley does not show higher moth diversity compared to the disturbed forest habitats in Brumas, though moth diversity at Danum is lower than that recorded in other Bornean primary forests. The value of plantation forests for conservation of invertebrate diversity is discussed, together with the implications for plantation management strategy.

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