Attitude and Willingness of Practising Dairy Farmers sons to Work Permanently in Rural Area

The study on the attitude and willingness of sons of the practising dairy farmers towardspermanently working in a rural area was carried on milk-producing districts of Anand andKheda of Gujarat state with 200 sample size. The study reveals that the majority (96.50%)of the sons of practising dairy farmers had a favourable to highly favourable attitude towardspermanently working in the rural area. It also concludes that the majority (80.50%) of thedairy farmers’ sons had poor overall willingness to stay physically to work in the ruralarea. The relationship of the attitude of young dairy sons of dairy farmers towardspermanently working in the rural area was positively and significantly correlated with theirage, marital status, scientific orientation, economic motivation and attitude towards farming,while it was negatively significant with the level of their father’s education. The willingnessto work in the rural area was observed positively and significantly correlated with theirlevel of father’s education, while it was negatively significant with their achievementmotivation, self-confidence, scientific orientation, economic motivation and attitude towardsfarming.

Estimation of soil temperature by Harmonic analysis

Soil temperatures recorded at 5.10 and 20 cm depth at Anand station of Gujarat state for the period of 1982-93 were analyzed by harmonic analysis and tested it for the year 1998. The amplitude of the soil temperature wave for the various depths decreases from a maximum of 5.76° C in the first harmonic to 0.96°C in the third harmonic. First, second and third harmonic explained 55 to 76 percent, 18 to 37 percent and 2 to 4 percent of the total variance, respectively. Total percentage of total variance covered by the three harmonics at different depths are in the range of 95 to 97 percentage for the period of 1982-93 normalized data series which shows the applicability of harmonic analysis in describing soil temperatures. The weekly observed and computed soil temperatures by harmonic analysis were in agreement and their differences were non significant by Chi-Square test.

Usefulness of class A Pan coefficient models for computation of reference evapotranspiration for a semi-arid region

The reliability of estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) using pan evaporation (Epan) depends on the accurate determination of pan coefficients (Kpan). Six ET0 models were evaluated for their usefulness using 33-year climatological dataset of a semi-arid region of the Gujarat state of India. The equations compared include Cuenca (1989), Allen and Pruitt (1991), Snyder (1992), Modified Snyder (Grismer et al., 2002), Orang (1998), and Pereira et al. (1995). The ET0 data, calculated using daily Kpan values from these equations, were compared to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)-Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM) method as a reference. Based on the visual comparison as well as from the statistical criteria, ET0 values computed using Modified Snyder and Orang model have very close agreement with the FAO56-PM method for daily, monthly, and annual estimates as compared to other approaches. The sequential performances of the explored models was found as: Modified Snyder (Eqn. 5) > Orang (Eqn. 6) > Cuenca Eqn. (2) > Allen & Pruitt (Eqn. 3) > Snyder (Eqn. 4) > Pereira et al. (Eqn. 7) model. Therefore, the Modified Snyder model (Grismer et al., 2002) could be recommended as the best model for ET0 computations under these prevailing climatic conditions for a semi arid region.

Scars of hope and forewarn of a bleak future: Post-mortem findings of dugongs (Dugong dugon) belonging to a relict population in the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A relict dugong population resides in the Gulf of Kachchh in Gujarat state of India. Very little is known on this population stemming from a lack of focused studies and inadequate examinations of previous strandings. In this study, crucial ecological information is gathered through a systematic necropsy on stranded dugongs in the gulf. As indicated through dorsal tusk-rake scars on both the carcasses, this study presents the first records of derivative physical evidence to the presence of a socially interacting population. Progressive healing and differences in the width of the scars indicated more than two individuals had participated in a sexual agnostic or courtship event. Conversely, our findings report that both the animals suffered relative effects of asphyxiation after fishing net entanglement. An implication of a prior pathological condition(s) in the form of dermal cysts, swollen mesenteric lymph nodes, and endoparasites are also reported. Stomach content was examined for a qualitative dietary characterization. Other potential threats along with fishing net microfilaments found in the stomach contents of both dugongs are discussed in brief.

Demographic and Participation Details of Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study

This paper presents the results of Demographic and Participation Details of Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study. For that data of 50 participants was collected using self-administered questionnaire. After ethics approval, data were collected between between Jul-21 and Aug-21 from Gujarat state of India. Results of demographic and participation details are tabulated by its frequency and percentage. Participants are participating more whose age range were 18-41 years, income less than one lakh, education below Higher Secondary and having private job or wage-earner. Age of first time participation was found in range of 18-41 years and frequency of number studies in which participant participated were found from 01 to 20 studies. Also Chi-Square results suggested there is significant (p < 0.05) relation (I) between the Education and Age of first time participation (II) between the occupation and number of times participated.

Learning to Resist(ance) in Gujarat

The Banni grassland, of Gujarat state of western India, has emerged as a site of multipronged contestations over land and livelihoods. Structural transformations seek to refashion Kachchh’s economy, society, and nature along capitalist and neoliberal lines threatening the livelihood of the 25000 mobile pastoralists inhabiting the grassland. Embedded within this context, the Salim Mama Youth Course, initiated through the a collaboration between local civil society, research and academic organizations, trains the youth in the region to recognize connections between pastoralism and their ecosystems. It achieves two main goals: firstly, the course attempts to secure the long-term sustainability of the grassland by developing the technical know-how of the youth as well as generating enthusiasm for pastoralism. Secondly, it contributes to the ongoing resistance against state induced corporate capture both practically, by providing information and tools to sustain contestations, and ideologically by reimagining the role and value of pastoralism in the region. This article unpacks the pedagogical approach of the course as a form of active and positive grassroots resistance against neoliberal environmentalism.

Response of Occurrence of Winter Weeds to Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil of Gandhinagar District, Gujarat, India

Gandhinagar is the capital city of Gujarat State. The paper deals with the estimation of nutrients (pH, EC, N, P, K, Zn) in soil of different talukas of Gandhinagar district. This district has four talukas with 290 villages and 10 urban habitations in the district. For the study purpose, the entire district was divided into 20 sites. Five sites of each talukas were selected. Total 20 sampling sites were selected to collect samples. The study was carried for a period of 2 year (2011 to 2013). Soil samples were colleted and analysed for their parameters like pH, EC, Nitrate, Phosphorus, Potassium and Zinc (Zn) at monthly. Zn was recorded critical in Mansa and Dehgam taluka and quite low in Kalol taluka. The occurrence types and distribution of Amaranthus viridis L., Achyranthus aspera L., Trianthema portulacastrum L, Boerhavia diffusa L., Cyperus rotundus L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Tridex procumbens L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Euphorbia hirta L., Vernonia cinera (L.) Less., Digera muriata (L.) Mart., Cassia tora L., Chenopodium album L., Portulaca oleracea L. in the study area of Gandhinagar showed relations with the soil in which they occur.