Forest restoration in southern Amazonia: Soil preparation triggers natural regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 433 ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Mariano Rezende ◽  
Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Chambi-Legoas ◽  
Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez ◽  
Francisco de Marques de Figueiredo ◽  
Joel Peña Valdeiglesias ◽  
Percy Amílcar Zevallos Pollito ◽  
...  

Context: Gold mining is the most destructive activity in the natural forests of the Madre de Dios region in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Understanding the natural regeneration process of these degraded areas is necessary to develop forest restoration projects in such conditions.Aims: We aimed to evaluate forest recovery and identify the successional and structure patterns of vegetation governing natural regeneration over time.Methods: Structure, composition, richness, diversity, and successional status were evaluated in abandoned artisanal gold mine areas in Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru. Vegetation data were recorded in 61 plots of 250 m2 established in five sites varying from 1 to 19 years of abandonment. Vegetation in abandoned areas was compared with six undisturbed forests evaluated in previous inventories.Results: In the mining lands, tree density and basal area recovered quickly, while species richness and composition were slow. Forest recovery is an initial stage of transition from pioneer to early secondary species until at least 19 years after abandonment. The most abundant and frequent species were the fast-growing species Ochroma pyramidale and Cecropia engleriana. These species could be considered potential candidates to promote restoration plans. Pioneer species represented 63% of the number of species in plots of 1–4 years, 57% in plots of 5–7 years, and 50% in plots of 8–19 years. Early and late secondary species represented 34 and 16%, respectively, of the number of species in plots of 8–19 years. Abandoned mining and reference plots present less than 5% of species in common.Conclusion: Our results highlight a slow natural regeneration process in areas for up to 19 years after gold mining. Species from different successional statuses were identified as potential candidates for recovering vegetation in such areas. Our findings may have important implications for further research focusing on the ecological restoration in tropical forests severely degraded by gold mining.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Trevor Caughlin ◽  
Marinés Peña‐Domene ◽  
Cristina Martínez‐Garza

2016 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo P.E. Rocha ◽  
Daniel L.M. Vieira ◽  
Marcelo F. Simon

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Thomas Schroder ◽  
Anna Paula Lora Zimmermann ◽  
Lílian Daniel Pereira ◽  
Noé dos Santos Ananias Hofiço ◽  
Dilson Sousa Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The success of forest creation relies on seedling availability and quality. The aim of this research is to assess the possible use of rootstock and bare-root seedlings of Cedrela fissilis obtained from natural regeneration for direct field planting. We used Generalized Linear models to assess survival and Hierarchical Models to assess height growth over one year after planting. Initial root-collar diameter (RCD) and treatment (rootstock or bare-root) affected survival and growth. Rootstock and larger seedlings presented higher levels of survival and growth. Higher seedling quality in the rootstock treatment is due to higher water stress tolerance. Rootstock seedlings with more than 1 cm of initial RCD had over 80% of survival probability, while small bare-root seedlings had mean survival probability as low as 20%. Rootstock seedlings grew as much as fourfold more than bare-root. Using natural regeneration of C. fissilis as a source of rootstock seedlings may be a cheap alternative for forest restoration and enrichment planting projects.


2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Hyytiäinen ◽  
Sakari Ilomäki ◽  
Annikki Mäkelä ◽  
Kaarlo Kinnunen

Experimental data, a process-based forest growth model, and stand-level economic optimization were combined to investigate financial returns from investments for establishing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in southern Finland. Four regeneration methods (planting, sowing, and natural regeneration with 25 or 100 seed trees·ha–1) and three intensities of soil preparation (unprepared, conventional harrowing, intensive harrowing) are compared. At a 1% interest rate, artificial regeneration by planting or sowing and high investment in soil preparation yielded the highest net present values. Natural regeneration involves low material and labor costs and becomes the optimal regeneration method at a 3% interest rate. Sowing and natural regeneration yielded equally good economic outcomes at a 5% interest rate. Owing to overlapping rotation periods, natural regeneration with a high number of seed trees yielded a long-run timber supply comparable to that obtained with artificial regeneration. However, constraints limiting density and retention time for seed trees involve additional costs with natural regeneration. Optimal thinning aimed at artificial regeneration may provide an attractive option for converting the stand to natural regeneration.


Author(s):  
В.З. Нгуен ◽  
А.В. Грязькин ◽  
Н.В. Беляева ◽  
Т.Л. Фан ◽  
А.Г. Шахов

Создание лесных культур – важная часть лесовосстановительных мероприятий в лесохозяйственном производстве. Не всегда и не везде искусственное лесовосcтановление оказывается эффективным. Основными причинами этого являются некачественная обработка почвы и несоблюдение схемы посадки (расстояние между бороздами и между растениями в борозде), несоблюдение сроков посадки и отсутствие предусмотренных уходов, т. е. в целом, нарушается технология создания лесных культур. Следствием этого часто является низкая приживаемость и невысокая сохранность лесных культур. С другой стороны, обработка почвы под лесные культуры – это так же и эффективная мера содействия естественному возобновлению не только для лиственных, но и для хвойных пород. Самосев не испытывает пересадочного шока, как сеянцы и саженцы, и поэтому рост и развитие подроста происходит естественным образом, более динамично. На богатых почвах наиболее успешно идет возобновление ели и лиственных пород. Сосна в этих условиях вытесняется мощным травостоем и густым подростом лиственных пород. Главная причина этого – гелиофильность сосны. По динамике роста самосев хвойных пород нередко опережает лесные культуры. Особенно отчетливо это проявляется в первые годы после создания лесных культур, когда высаженные сеянцы или саженцы испытывают пересадочный шок и адаптируются к новым условиям места произрастания, а самосев наоборот, не испытывая никакой конкуренции со стороны травостоя в первые годы после обработки почвы успешно растет. Если подготовка почвы была проведена в год обильного урожая семян хвойных, то количество самосева по численности во много раз превосходит лесные культуры любой густоты. Кроме самосева, на любой вырубке присутствует определенное количество подроста, сохранившегося после проведения рубки. В отдельных случаях доля подроста предварительного возобновления в составе молодняков достигает по численности 25–30%. Появление самосева и подроста на площадях лесных культур связано со множеством сопутствующих факторов. В первую очередь – это количество семян поступающих на обработанную почву. Второй фактор по важности – качество обработки почвы, а именно – степень ее минерализации. Третий, не менее важный фактор – условия произрастания, тип лесорастительных условий. Четвертый – конкуренция со стороны травостоя и молодняка лиственных пород. Creation of forest plantations is an important part of reforestation activities in forestry production. Not always and everywhere an artificial forest plantations is effective. The main reasons for this are not high quality soil preparation and failure to comply with the scheme of planting (distance between furrows and between plants in the furrow), the non-observance of timing of planting and the lack of prescribed treatments, i.e., in General, violated the technology of creation of forest plantations. The result is low survival rate and low safety of forest plantations. On the other hand soil preparation for plantations is an effective measure to promote natural regeneration, not only for hardwood, but also softwood. Self-seeding is not experiencing transfer shock and therefore his growth and development naturally occurs more rapidly. On rich soils the most successful being natural regeneration ate. Pine under these conditions is displaced by a powerful grass and dense hardwood undergrowth. The main reason for this is heliophitos pine. The growing number of self-seeding conifers in all conditions ahead of forest plantations. Especially clearly manifested in the first years after the establishment of forest plantations, planted when the seedlings or saplings are experiencing transfer shock and to adapt to new conditions of growth and self-seeding on the contrary, without competition from the grass in the first years after soil preparation is successfully growing. If soil preparation was carried out in the year an abundant harvest of seeds of conifers, the number of self-seeding in numbers many times greater than forest culture of any density. In addition to the self-seeding on any clearing there is a certain amount of undergrowth is preserved after the cutting. In some cases, the proportion of the undergrowth preliminary renewal in the composition of the young population reaches 25–30%. The appearance of self-sown young growth and undergrowth in the area of forest cultures is due to the many confounding factors. First and foremost is the number of incoming seeds on the prepared soil. The second factor in importance is the quality of the preparation of the soil, namely, the degree of mineralization. The third, equally important factor is the growing conditions, type of site and stand conditions. Fourth – competition from grass and young hardwoods.


2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ebert ◽  
Leandro Ribeiro Teixeira ◽  
Adriana Zanirato Contini da Silva ◽  
Reginaldo Brito da Costa

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira ◽  
Silvia Barbosa Rodrigues ◽  
Catarina Conte Jakovac ◽  
Gustavo Paiva Evangelista da Rocha ◽  
Fagno Reis ◽  
...  

Amazonia is well known for its high natural regeneration capacity; for this reason, passive restoration is normally recommended for the recovery of its degraded forests. However, highly deforested landscapes in southern Amazonia require active restoration. Since restoration methods can shape the quality and speed of early forest recovery, this study aimed to verify how active restoration pushes sites stably covered with exotic grasses towards forest recovery. We evaluated early forest succession at active restoration sites, i.e., soil plowing, direct seeding of pioneer species, and seedling stock planting at low density. We analyzed forest structure, diversity, and species composition in two age classes, 0.5–3.5 and 4.5–7.5 years old. As reference, we evaluated sites able to naturally regenerate in the same region. We sampled 36 active restoration and 31 natural regeneration sites along the Madeira River, southern Amazonia. Active restoration triggered succession to similar or higher levels of forest structure than sites where natural regeneration was taking place. The most dominant species did not overlap between active restoration and natural regeneration sites. The overall composition of species was different between the two restoration methods. Dominant species and size class distribution show that active restoration is performing successfully. Soil preparation combined with a high availability of seeds of pioneer trees resulted in a high stem density and basal area of facilitative pioneer trees. Planted seedlings added species diversity and increased density of large trees. Interventions to increase the odds of natural regeneration can be effective for non-regenerating sites in resilient landscapes.


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