An investigation on protective effects of the new killed vaccine against nervous necrosis virus (NNV) using histopathology and immunohistochemistry approach on the brain and eye tissues of Acipenser stellatus Pallas 1771

Cantang grouper is one of the leading NTB commodities that have high economic value. Cantang grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) has a wide distribution, one of which is in Penyambuan Village, North Lombok Regency. The disease that often attacks grouper fish is VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis). One of the methods that can be used to detect VNN is the histopathological method. The purpose of this study was to determine the suspected cases and levels of infection with the VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) virus in grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) cultivated in Penyambuan Hamlet, Tanjung District, North Lombok Regency by using the histopathological method. The research method used is descriptive by explaining the results obtained from the histopathological test of 3 samples taken by looking at the presence or absence of necrosis in the eye and brain organs of the test sample. The results of observations using a microscope on the test sample after the histopathological process showed that the second sample (S2) of cantang grouper from the KJA in Pemambuan was suspected to be positive for VNN infection, as seen from the presence of necrosis in the form of vacuoles in the brain and eye organs in the level of chronic infection. From the results of this study, it is suggested that further research be carried out in the form of confirmation of the results using a more accurate method, namely real-time PCR. This study can serve as a detection guide for samples of suspected VNN.

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Isolation and Identification of a New Strain of Nervous Necrosis Virus from the Big-belly Seahorse Hippocampus Abdominalis in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-970769/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Chen ◽

Jianfei Qi ◽

Libin He ◽

Huiyu Luo ◽

Jinbo Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Tissue Homogenates ◽

Hippocampus Abdominalis ◽

The Brain

Abstract Background: Betanodaviruses , members of the Nodaviridae family, are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish, resulting in great economic losses worldwide. Methods: In this study, we isolated a virus strain named seahorse nervous necrosis virus (SHNNV) from cultured big-belly seahorses Hippocampus abdominalis in Xiamen city, Fujian Province, China. Cell isolation, PCR detection, phylogenetic analysis, qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and histology were used for virus identification and analysis of virus histopathology. Furthermore, an artificial infection experiment was conducted for virulence testing. Results: Brain and eye tissue homogenates of diseased big-belly seahorses were inoculated onto a grouper spleen (GS) cell monolayer at 28°C. Tissue homogenates induced obvious cytopathic effects in GS cells. PCR and sequencing analyses revealed that the virus belonged to Betanodavirus and shared high sequence identity with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) isolates. qRT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that SHNNV mainly attacked the brain and eye. Histopathological examination revealed that the virus led to cytoplasmic vacuolation in the brain and retinal tissues. Infection experiments confirmed that SHNNV was highly infectious, causing massive death in big-belly seahorses. Conclusion: A novel seahorse betanodavirus from the big-belly seahorse in China was discovered. This finding will contribute to the development of efficient strategies for disease management in aquaculture.

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Portal Entry and Progression of Betanoda Virus Causing Viral Nervous Necrosis in Sevenband Grouper Epinephelus septemfaciatus

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1942 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GR Banu ◽

K Mori ◽

M Arimoto ◽

MBR Chowdhury ◽

T Nakai

Keyword(s):

Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Entry Site ◽

Nasal Route ◽

Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽

Experimental Fish ◽

Target Organs ◽

Epinephelus Septemfasciatus ◽

Initial Route ◽

The Brain

A study was conducted toÂ identify the entry site for the betanodavirus, the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in 375 fish (150 spawn, 150 fry and 75 fingerling) during the period from March to August 2003. Highly susceptible fish, sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus to sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV) was used as experimental fish. Fish were placed into the seawater containing 104 TCID50 mL-1 of the viral isolate for 1 h. Samples for virus isolation were randomly collected at an interval of 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and daily, and continued until 5 to14Â days depending on the mortality. The inoculated virus could first recover from the mouth including nostril at 3 h of exposure and then from fin at 12 h, and within 1 d it was detected from all the organs examined at titers ranging from 104 to 107 TCID50 g-1. The highest titer was found at day 5 in the target organs of central nervous system (CNS), i.e., the brain, bone including spinal cord, and eye. The results suggest that nasal route the initial route for the portal entry of betanodavirus into fish. Key words: Betanodavirus; viral nervous necrosis; virus titration; portal entry, nasal route; sevenband grouper doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1942 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 83-87

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Protective effects of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) on juvenile groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus infection

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737218 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 737218

Author(s):

Jiaoyun Liu ◽

Yinghui Qin ◽

Liming Yan ◽

Wanmeng Liu ◽

Herong Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus

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Drusen in the Peripheral Retina of the Alzheimer’s Eye

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205015666180123122637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 743-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kresimir Ukalovic ◽

Sijia Cao ◽

Sieun Lee ◽

Qiaoyue Tang ◽

Mirza Faisal Beg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Retina ◽

Amyloid Angiopathy ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Future Studies ◽

Eye Tissues ◽

Neuropathological Diagnosis ◽

Ocular Imaging ◽

Cerebral Amyloid ◽

The Brain ◽

Oil Red O

Background: Recent work on Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis focuses on neuroimaging modalities; however, these methods are expensive, invasive, and not available to all patients. Ocular imaging of biomarkers, such as drusen in the peripheral retina, could provide an alternative method to diagnose AD. Objective: This study compares macular and peripheral drusen load in control and AD eyes. Methods: Postmortem eye tissues were obtained from donors with a neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Retina from normal donors were processed and categorized into younger (<55 years) and older (>55 years) groups. After fixation and dissection, 3-6 mm punches of RPE/choroid were taken in macular and peripheral (temporal, superior, and inferior) retinal regions. Oil red O positive drusen were counted and grouped into two size categories: small (<63 μm) and intermediate (63-125 μm). Results: There was a significant increase in the total number of macular and peripheral hard drusen in older, compared to younger, normal eyes (p<0.05). Intermediate hard drusen were more commonly found in the temporal region of AD eyes compared to older normal eyes, even after controlling for age (p<0.05). Among the brain and eye tissues from AD donors, there was a significant relationship between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) severity and number of temporal intermediate hard drusen (r=0.78, p<0.05). Conclusion: Imaging temporal drusen in the eye may have benefit for diagnosing and monitoring progression of AD. Our results on CAA severity and temporal intermediate drusen in the AD eye are novel. Future studies are needed to further understand the interactions among CAA and drusen formation.

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