scholarly journals Complexities associated with nucleation of water and ice from jet fuel in aircraft fuel systems: A critical review

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 122329
Author(s):  
Judith Ugbeh Johnson ◽  
Mark Carpenter ◽  
Colleen Williams ◽  
Jean-François Pons ◽  
Dan McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Aircraft Fuel

Effect of temperature and pressure on cavitation characteristics in RP-3 jet fuel

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150375
Author(s):  
Chao Qiu ◽  
Shuxian Chen ◽  
Feng Yan ◽  
Yaoming Fu ◽  
Wuguo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Cavitation usually appears in aircraft fuel system, which is significant for the operation of engine. Uncontrollable cavitation will cause cavitation erosion to the units of fuel system, while the controllable cavitation can enhance the turbulence of fuel and improve the engine performance. This work along with molecular dynamics was used to simulate the cavitation in RP-3 jet fuel with different temperatures and pressures. The influence of fuel temperature and pressure on cavitation characteristics was studied. It is indicated that the higher the temperature is, the more easily the RP-3 jet fuel cavitate. Furthermore, the influence of pressure on cavitation can be divided into two periods. The lower the fuel pressure is, the faster the occurrence and development of cavitation in RP-3 jet fuel. When the temperature and pressure of the RP-3 jet fuel are set at the region between the line [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]%, the cavitation erosion can be almost ignored, and the dispersion of fuel droplets is almost the best.

Elementary Computer Modeling Applied to TWA800 Fuel Tank Forensic Issues

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd A. Wyczalek
Keyword(s):  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Minimum Ignition Energy ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Fuel Tanks

Abstract The specific mission was to identify the conditions of atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature under which a so-called empty-Boeing model 747-131 fixed wing jet aircraft center wing tank (CWT), containing a residual fuel loading of about 3 kg/m3, less than 100 gallons of aviation kerosene (JetA Athens refinery commercial jet fuel), could form hazardous air/fuel mixtures. The issues are limited to explosion safety concerns relating to certificated fixed wing jet aircraft in regularly scheduled commercial passenger service. It is certain that a combustible mixture does not exist in a fuel tank containing Jet-A type fuel at ambient temperatures below 38°C (100°F), which is the lean limit flash point (LFP) for commercial jet fuel at sea level. Never the less, although not included in this paper, the original study reported by Wyczalek and Suh (1997), identified six highly unlikely, but rationally possible critical conditions which can occur in a combination which may permit a combustible mixture to exist within a jet aircraft fuel tank and pose a potential hazard. The scope of this paper is limited to mathematical modeling concerns related to fixed wing jet aircraft fuel tanks and commercial jet fuels combustible air-fuel mixture ratios. It was further limited to a historical review of the scientific literature in the public domain from 1950 to the present time, which defined the thermodynamic and minimum ignition energy properties of aviation gasoline and commercial jet fuels; and, to comparisons with new thermodynamic data for JetA Athens flight test samples, released by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) during public hearings on the TWA800 event in Baltimore, Maryland in December 1997. The original work reported by Wyczalek and Suh (1997) conclusively demonstrated that the USAF Wright Air Development Center and the US Bureau of Mines conducted and published comprehensive evaluations of the potential hazards relating to jet aircraft fuel tanks as early as 1952. This historical scientific data and the mathematical models for the new jetA and Athens refinery jetA in this paper, are relevant to pending TWA800 related litigation, and to the future implementation of NTSB recommendations resulting from the TWA800 event.

scholarly journals Jet Fuels Degradation under Severe Thermal Loads / Degradacja Paliw Lotniczych W Warunkach Wysokich Temperatur

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Sarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Thermal Loads ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Degradation Problem

Abstract Paper presents research results of jet fuels thermal degradation exposed to different thermal loads. This problem is especially important as it influences safety of aircraft operation. Jet fuel in modern engines is used in heat transfer and cooling of different construction elements. Together with new engines’ construction and materials used thermal loads affecting jet fuel become more severe, and thus in aircraft fuel system not well understood phenomena occur, resulting with plugging injectors, valves and affecting elastomers. They affect engine operation and should be well and carefully described and understood to prevent them. Research results presented here are the first data in Poland dealing with jet fuels’ thermal degradation problem. Article is aimed to present the mechanism of jet fuel thermal degradation under different temperatures. The project has been funded by National Science Centre granted with decision no. DEC-2011/01/D/ST8/06567.

Emission FT-IR Analyses of Jet Fuel Deposits

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Lauer ◽  
Eter Vogel ◽  
Gary T. Seng
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Deposit Weight ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

Deposits were collected on small flat and removable strips of metal from an aircraft fuel slowly flowing over them for varying lengths of time (up to 14 h). Both the strips and the fuel were heated to about 250°C. The fuel contained oxygen. After every test the deposit weight was determined with a microbalance, and the infrared emission spectrum of the deposit maintained at 100°C was recorded with a specially adapted Fourier spectrophotometer. Deposit thicknesses varied from 22 nm to 500 nm. Plots of deposit thickness squared vs. time were linear, with an abrupt change of slope after five hours of run time. Corresponding to these different slopes were also different infrared spectra, the earlier ones showing strong -C-O- bands around 1100 cm−1, the latter primarily -C=0 bands near 1700 cm−1. Fuels containing up to 1% of thiphene or pyrrole showed only the latter bands. These results are consistent with a diffusion mechanism dependent on the timely arrival at the liquid-deposit interface of a sufficient concentration of a reaction intermediate.

scholarly journals Green Renewable Energy – Risk Need to Be Tackled in Going Green for Air Transportation

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazariah Mohd Noh ◽  
Gustavo Alonso Rodriges ◽  
Nor Aida Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Air Transportation ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Material Compatibility ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Technical Risk ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Quality Risk ◽  
Aviation Biofuel

This paper will discuss on issues of using alternative fuel (bio jet fuel) for 50% mixing or replacing current Jet A/ Jet A-1 fuel in relationship towards aircraft fuel systems. Two key issues aviation biofuel; Technical Risk and Quality Risk will be evaluated. Technical risk, such as storage stabilityfor biological growth,thermal stabilityin relation to fuel system components coking, the outcomes fromcombustion propertiesandmaterial compatibilityto the engine system and discussions on the level of thetrace of contaminationlike metals or micronutrients. In quality risk, the issues need to be measured: the inconsistency of the products such as thesource dependencies,robustnesscontrolandfragmented enterprise.These two issues need to be measured in order to create a clear pathway for Air Transport in sustainable manner, where further research towards reliability and sustainability for future aircraft performance and maintenance can be correlated.

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