Early colonization of Protea flowers enables dominance of competitively weak saprobic fungi in seed cones, benefitting their hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuledzani O. Mukwevho ◽  
Léanne L. Dreyer ◽  
Francois Roets
Keyword(s):  
Saprobic Fungi

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and white mold of soybean using saprobic fungi from semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina Martins Barros ◽  
Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña ◽  
Sérgio Florentino Pascholati ◽  
Douglas Casaroto Peitl
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Previously Treated

ABSTRACTThe incidence and the levels of yield loss caused by the white mold of soybean (caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) have increased in areas of higher altitude at Cerrado and Southern Brazil, causing yield losses of up to 60%. The aim of this study was to select saprobic fungi with the potential to control the white mold of soybean. First, in vitroantagonism screening was carried out to test eight saprobic fungi against S. sclerotiorum. Assessment of S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was done at four and seven days after its placement on the culture medium. The isolate showing greatest antagonistic effect in all tests/assessments was Myrothecium sp. An in vivo experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and growth chamber, where plants previously treated with eight saprobic fungi were artificially inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The fungal culture medium (potato-dextrose) and the commercial resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl were used as controls. In the in vivotests, severity of the white mold was assessed at 8, 14 and 21 days after inoculation. The highest reduction percentage in the lesion length was observed for the treatment with Myrothecium sp. (70%), which has the greater potential to be used as biocontrol agent of soybean under the conditions of this experiment.

scholarly journals Lichens And Allied Fungi From The Čepkeliai State Nature Reserve (Southern Lithuania)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurga Motiejūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
New Host ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Nature

AbstractResults of inventory of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied saprobic fungi from the Čepkeliai State Nature Reserve are presented. From this largest in Lithuania mire complex, altogether 207 species (of these, 180 species of lichens, 22 lichenicolous and 5 non-lichenized saprobic fungi) are reported. One lichenized – Fuscidea praeruptorum and two lichenicolous species – Sphaerellothecium cladoniae and Taeniolella cladinicola are reported for the first time in Lithuania. Two lichenicolous fungi – Endococcus tricolorans and Nectriopsis cariosae are reported for the first time in the Baltic region. Parmelia and Pseudevernia are reported as new host genera for Endococcus tricolorans.

Host-specificity, host-exclusivity, and host-recurrence in saprobic fungi

2001 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dequn Zhou ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Saprobic Fungi

scholarly journals Fungal traits important for soil aggregation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Lehmann ◽  
Weishuang Zheng ◽  
Masahiro Ryo ◽  
Katharina Soutschek ◽  
Rebecca Rongstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractSoil health and sustainability is essential for ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Soil structure, the complex arrangement of soil into aggregates and pore spaces, is a key feature of soils under the influence of soil life. Soil biota, and among them filamentous saprobic fungi, have well-documented effects on soil aggregation. However, it is unclear what fungal properties, or traits, contribute to the overall positive effect on soil aggregation. So far, we lack a systematic investigation of a broad suite of fungal species for their trait expression and the relation of these traits to their soil aggregation capability.Here, we apply a trait-based approach to a set of 15 traits measured under standardized conditions on 31 fungal strains including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota, all isolated from the same soil.We found a spectrum of soil aggregate formation capability ranging from neutral to positive and large differences in trait expression among strains. We identified biomass density (positive effects), leucine aminopeptidase activity (negative effects) and phylogeny as important modulators of fungal aggregate formation capability. Our results point to a typical suite of traits characterizing fungi that are good soil aggregators; this could inform screening for fungi to be used in biotechnological applications, and illustrates the power of employing a trait-based approach to unravel biological mechanisms of soil aggregation, which could now be extended to other organism groups.

New exploration in Koryakia – the lichens of the Cape Goven, Bering Sea coast (Northern Kamchatka, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-162
Author(s):  
D. E. Himelbrant ◽  
I. S. Stepanchikova ◽  
T. Ahti ◽  
V. Yu. Neshataeva
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Mountainous Landscape ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Far East ◽  
Lichen Flora

The lichen diversity of the Cape Goven within the Koryak State Reserve counts 394 species: 373 lichens, 18 lichenicolous fungi and 3 non-lichenized saprobic fungi related to lichens. Altogether 4 species are new to Russia (Miriquidica pulvinatula, Myriolecis andrewii, Ochrolechia alaskana, Rhizocarpon sublavatum), 1 – to Asiatic Russia (Collemopsidium foveolatum), 29 other species are new to the Russian Far East, 4 – to the northern part of the Far East. Additionally, 51 other species are new to Kamchatka Territory, and 92 more are new to Koryakia. Among the new species to Russia or Russian Far East, 11 are also reported for the first time for Beringia. A total of 500 species of lichens and allied fungi are known from Koryakia now. The richest habitats in Cape Goven are rocky outcrops and tundras; unlike in the earlier explored Parapolsky Dale, shrublands, floodplain stands and bogs play relatively insignificant role in the lichen diversity. The lichens of seashore communities enrich the lichen flora of Cape Goven compared to inland areas. The lichen diversity of Cape Goven is significantly higher than in Parapolsky Dale due to its mountainous landscape and coastal position.

Characterization of allergen extracts by two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques: Micropolyspora faeni antigens.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Vesterberg ◽  
K Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Thermophilic Actinomycetes ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Allergen Extracts

Abstract Thermophilic actinomycetes and saprobic fungi are important in the etiology of allergic occupational diseases such as "farmer's lung" disease. Each such organism produces several protein antigens. Inhaled, these antigens stimulate production of antibodies. Detection of precipitating antibodies has been useful in the diagnosis of diseases so induced. Characterization of allergen extracts from microorganisms associated with these diseases is important, to improve the sensitivity and precision of the precipitin analysis. For this purpose we submitted crude allergen extracts to electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in agarose gels. Staining the gels revealed many protein components in each extract, especially after isoelectric focusing. After separation in one dimension, a lane of gel was cut out and the proteins were electrophoresed at right angles into another gel, which contained antibodies. Several arcs of immunoprecipitates, indicating different antigens, were seen. This technique ("crossed immunoelectrofocusing") has earlier been used with polyacrylamide in the first dimension, but it is improved by using instead agarose of a special quality. Further to improve the quantification, we isolated pieces of gel containing the proteins of interest and used them as samples in zone immunoelectrophoresis assay. This method is straightforward, easy to evaluate, and about 100-fold as sensitive as radial immunodiffusion. The amount of protein in each sample is usually proportional to the distance from the upper gel surface to the front of each immunoprecipitate. The increased sensitivity allows study of many hitherto unexamined antigens.

Effects of attack of saprobic fungi on twig litter decomposition by endophytic fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fukasawa ◽  
Takashi Osono ◽  
Hiroshi Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Saprobic Fungi

Colonization and decomposition of salal (Gaultheria shallon) leaf litter by saprobic fungi in successional forests on coastal British Columbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Osono ◽  
Susumu Iwamoto ◽  
John A. Trofymow
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Recalcitrant Compounds

The colonization of leaf litter by saprobic fungi was studied in old-growth and post-harvest successional Douglas-fir forests on southeast Vancouver Island, British Columbia. This study focused on leaf litter of salal ( Gaultheria shallon Pursh.), a dominant understory shrub in all stands. Salal litter is characterized by the occurrence of bleached portions attributable to fungal colonization of the litter and to the variable decomposition of recalcitrant compounds, such as lignin. Analyses of proximate chemical fractions, fungal assemblages on the bleached leaf area, and pure culture decomposition assays indicated that Marasmius sp. and Coccomyces sp. were responsible for rapid decomposition and bleaching of salal leaf litter. The bleached area accounted for 17%–22% of total area of salal leaf litter collected in immature (40–60 years old), mature (85–105 years old), and old-growth (more than 290 years old) stands, but for only 2% in regeneration (5–15 years old) stands. The reduction of bleached leaf area occupied by Marasmius sp. and Coccomyces sp. in regeneration stands could be due to the changes in microenvironmental conditions on the forest floor, in litter quality, or in food-web structure in soils. The decrease of fungi able to decay recalcitrant compounds may lead to a reduction of salal decomposition rates in clear-cut sites that would persist until canopy closure occurs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of some saprobic fungi isolated fromMagnolia liliiferaandCinnamomum inersleaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Jutamart Monkai ◽  
Ekachai Chukeatirote ◽  
Sunita Chamyuang ◽  
Andriy Synytsya ◽  
Tomas Ruml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Saprobic Fungi

scholarly journals Scedosporiosis in a Combined Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipient: A Case Report of Possible Transmission from a Near-Drowning Donor

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Leek ◽  
Erika Aldag ◽  
Iram Nadeem ◽  
Vikraman Gunabushanam ◽  
Ajay Sahajpal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Near Drowning ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Scedosporium spp. are saprobic fungi that cause serious infections in immunocompromised hosts and in near-drowning victims. Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of scedosporiosis as they require aggressive immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection. We present a case of disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection occurring in the recipient of a combined kidney and liver transplantation whose organs were donated by a near-drowning victim and review the literature of scedosporiosis in solid organ transplantation.

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