scholarly journals Biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and white mold of soybean using saprobic fungi from semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina Martins Barros ◽  
Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña ◽  
Sérgio Florentino Pascholati ◽  
Douglas Casaroto Peitl
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Previously Treated

ABSTRACTThe incidence and the levels of yield loss caused by the white mold of soybean (caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) have increased in areas of higher altitude at Cerrado and Southern Brazil, causing yield losses of up to 60%. The aim of this study was to select saprobic fungi with the potential to control the white mold of soybean. First, in vitroantagonism screening was carried out to test eight saprobic fungi against S. sclerotiorum. Assessment of S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was done at four and seven days after its placement on the culture medium. The isolate showing greatest antagonistic effect in all tests/assessments was Myrothecium sp. An in vivo experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and growth chamber, where plants previously treated with eight saprobic fungi were artificially inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The fungal culture medium (potato-dextrose) and the commercial resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl were used as controls. In the in vivotests, severity of the white mold was assessed at 8, 14 and 21 days after inoculation. The highest reduction percentage in the lesion length was observed for the treatment with Myrothecium sp. (70%), which has the greater potential to be used as biocontrol agent of soybean under the conditions of this experiment.

scholarly journals Selection of Trichoderma spp. strains for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Elias Haddad ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Cleusa Maria Mantovanello Lucon ◽  
Ricardo Harakava
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential of Trichoderma spp. strains to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybeans (Glycine max) and to perform the molecular identification of the best perfoming strains. The effect of 120 strains of Trichoderma spp. on the viability of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was evaluated in vitro through immersion in suspension of conidia from the antagonists and plating in culture medium. The best performing strains were evaluated in vivo, in a greenhouse, for control of the pathogen inoculated on 'Pintado' soybean seeds and plants. Of the 120 strains tested in vitro, 22 strains of Trichoderma spp. caused 100% inhibition of sclerotia germination. In the greenhouse, five strains inhibited the negative effect of the pathogen on seed germination and two strains increased in up to 67% plant dry matter. The best performing strains were identified as T. koningiopsis (3 strains), T. asperelloides (3), T. atroviride (2), and T. virens (1). Trichoderma strains are able to protect soybean plants from the harmful effect of S. sclerotiorum and, at the same time, they can promote the growth of the aerial part in greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Potencial de Bactérias para Biocontrole do Mofo Branco e Produção de Compostos Relacionados ao Sistema de Defesa em Plantas de Soja

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Denise Pauletto Spanhol ◽  
José Rogerio De Oliveira ◽  
Bianca Obes Corrêa ◽  
Ismail Teodoro de Souza Junior ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Detached Leaves

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de bactérias, na promoção de crescimento, produção de compostos de defesa e no biocontrole do mofo branco em folhas destacadas de duas cultivares de soja. Os ensaios foram realizados com as bactérias antagonistas FIT09 (Bacillus cereus) e FIT62 (B. thuringensis), do fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e com as cultivares de soja M6210 IPRO e Brasmax Garra IPRO. Nos ensaios in vivo foram avaliados a capacidade das bactérias na promoção do crescimento de plantas de soja e na constituição dos compostos secundários produzidos pelas plantas oriundas de sementes microbiolizadas com suspensões bacterianas. Além disso, os ensaios de biocontrole do mofo branco, foram realizados com folhas destacadas em estádio V3, as quais foram pulverizadas com as suspensões das bactérias FIT09 e FIT62. As bactérias FIT09 e FIT62 apresentaram compatibilidade com B. japonicum e no ensaio de biocontrole com folhas destacadas, verificou-se que a FIT 09 reduziu o diâmetro das lesões necróticas causadas por S. sclerotiorum em ambas cultivares de soja avaliadas em teste de folhas destacadas. No ensaio de promoção de crescimento, as bactérias aumentaram o poder germinativo na cultivar M6210 IPRO. Para a avaliação da análise fitoquímica, as bactérias auxiliaram positivamente na produção dos compostos relacionados ao sistema de defesa. Palavras-chave: Metabólitos Secundários. Fitoquímica. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Bacillus, Glycine max   Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacteria, in the promotion of growth, production of compounds of defens, and in the biocontrol of white mold in detached leaves of two soybean cultivars. The tests were performed with the antagonist bacteria FIT09 (Bacillus cereus) and FIT62 (B. thuringensis), with the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and with the soybean cultivars M6210 IPRO and Brasmax Garra IPRO. In vivo tests evaluated the capacity of bacteria to promote the growth of soybean plants and the constitution of secondary compounds produced by plants from microbiolized seeds with bacterial suspensions. In addition,  white mold biocontrol bioassays were carried out with detached leaves in stage V3 and they were sprayed with suspensions of the bacteria FIT09 and FIT62.The bacteria FIT09 and FIT62 were compatible with B. japonicum and in the biocontrol assay with detached leaves, it was found that FIT09 promoted superior control of 70% against the disease in both cultivars, however the disease did not manifest in the assay in plants. In the growth promotion test, the bacteria increased the germinative power in cultivar M6210 IPRO, for the assessment of fresh and dry mass there were no differences and for phytochemical analysis, the bacteria positively helped in the production of compounds related to the defense system.   Keywords: Secondary Metabolites. Phytochemistry, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Bacillus, Glycine max

White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), friend or foe: Cytotoxic and mutagenic activities in vitro and in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Azevedo ◽  
Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula ◽  
Hyemee Kim ◽  
Aline Cristina Monteiro Roque ◽  
Kris Simone Tranches Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
White Mold

scholarly journals Screening for Partial Physiological Resistance to White Mold in Dry Bean Using Excised Stems

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Miklas ◽  
K.F. Grafton ◽  
B.D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Physiological Resistance

A laboratory procedure was tested to determine whether excised stems would allow a reliable indication of partial physiological resistance (PPR) to white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary] in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Excised stems from 11- and 28-day-old plants were inoculated with growing mycelium of S. sclerotiorum, incubated for 4 to 7 days (11- and 28-day assays, respectively), then assayed for lesion length (LL). A total of 15 bean genotypes were screened for PPR, as indicated by LL. Significant (P < 0.05) differences among LL means of small- and medium-seeded bean genotypes were detected in the 28-day assay, whereas only LL means among medium-seeded genotypes. differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the n-day assay. `Bunsi', `C-20', `Sierra', `Topaz', and snap bean breeding lines NY 5262, NY 5394, and NY 5403 had the highest PPR and `Upland', D76125, and `UI-114' the lowest. The results from both assays were repeatable. A moderately high correlation (r = 0.68, P < 0.02) was observed between PPR and field resistance. The 28-day assay has potential for evaluating dry bean germplasm for PPR to white mold disease caused by S. sclerotiorum. A 28-day assay also was used to measure virulence of 18 isolates of S. sclerotiorum. The 18 isolates did not differ (P < 0.05) for virulence when measured by LL. The lack of any genotype × isolate interaction for LL indicated lack of host-pathogen specificity.

scholarly journals Biological control of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in lettuce using Brazilian Trichoderma spp. strains

2019 ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerarda Beatriz Pinto da Silva ◽  
Leise Inês Heckler ◽  
Miria Durigon ◽  
Ricardo Feliciano dos Santos ◽  
Maike Lovato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
History Of

Widely consumed by the Brazilian, lettuce has a cultivated area of 35,000 ha. Among the diseases that might infect this crop, white mold causes major concerns for producers. Mold is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bar. It can lead to losses of up to 100% in lettuce. The objectives of this study were assessment of antagonistic effect of Trichoderma spp. isolates, grown and prepared on rice grain, on white mold of lettuce (S. sclerotiorum). The assay was conducted using 12 Trichoderma spp. isolates, four of which came from at least a year of storage at 4ºC, four from areas with a history of the disease and four from areas without a history of the disease. Both fungi were grown on wet rice grains and only Trichoderma strains was dried and ground to be used in the next assay. The experiment was completely randomized in a factorial 12x2 design (Trichoderma spp. × substrate inoculated or not with S. sclerotiorum) and control plants without any of the fungi. The percentage of survived plants was analyzed using AUDPC, number of leaves, stem diameter, length of root system, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and total dry matter. The results showed that all Trichoderma spp. were capable of lettuce growth promotion in the presence and absence of S. sclerotiorum. The isolates that showed the best biocontrol of S. sclerotiorum were TC1.15 and WM-13. To promote growth, the best isolates were UFSMT15.1 and WM-13, suggesting that the latter presents desirable characteristics for biocontrol, including excellent feasibility for large-scale production, good antagonistic activity to S. sclerotiorum and the ability to stimulate growth promotion in lettuce.

scholarly journals Mutagenic and apoptotic effects of white mold ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) in vivo and in vitro (824.6)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Roque ◽  
Hyemee Kim ◽  
Luciana Azevedo ◽  
Ellen Barrocas ◽  
Jose Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

scholarly journals A Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Transcription Factor Involved in Sclerotial Development and Virulence on Pea

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunkyu Sang ◽  
Hao-Xun Chang ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
White Mold ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sclerotial Development

ABSTRACT Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant-pathogenic ascomycete fungus and infects over 400 host plants, including pea (Pisum sativum L.). The fungus causes white mold on pea, and substantial yield loss is attributed to the disease. To improve white mold management, further understanding of S. sclerotiorum pathogenicity is crucial. In this study, 389 transcription factors (TFs) were mined from the complete genome sequence of S. sclerotiorum and their in planta expression patterns were determined in susceptible and partially resistant pea lines and compared to in vitro expression patterns on culture medium. One of the transcription factors was significantly induced in planta at 24 and 48 h postinfection compared to the expression in vitro. This putative C6 transcription factor of S. sclerotiorum (SsC6TF1) was knocked down using a gene-silencing approach to investigate its functions in vegetative growth and sclerotial development as well as its virulence and pathogenicity in pea. While the SsC6TF1 knockdown mutants had hyphal growth rates identical to those of the wild-type strain and were capable of infection, the knockdown mutants produced no sclerotia or significantly fewer and smaller sclerotia on the culture medium and exhibited reduced virulence on both pea lines. This study profiled genome-wide expression for S. sclerotiorum transcription factors in planta and in vitro and functionally characterized a novel transcription factor, SsC6TF1, which positively regulates sclerotial development and virulence on pea. The finding provides molecular insights into S. sclerotiorum biology and interaction with pea and other economically important crops. IMPORTANCE White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a destructive disease on important legume species such as soybean, dry bean, and pea. This study investigated expression levels of transcription factors in S. sclerotiorum in planta (pea lines) and in vitro (culture medium). One transcription factor displaying high expression in planta was found to be involved in sclerotial development and virulence on pea. This report provides a new understanding regarding transcription factors of S. sclerotiorum in development and virulence.

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum (White Mold): Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimalarial Effects In Vivo and In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 3866-3875
Author(s):  
Carolina Girotto Pressete ◽  
Laila Santos Vieira Giannini ◽  
Daniela Aparecida Chagas Paula ◽  
Mariana Araújo Vieira do Carmo ◽  
Diego Magno Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
White Mold

Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan ◽  
Dora Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Plant Alkaloids ◽  
In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

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