Spatial and temporal dynamics of the fungal community of chestnut blight cankers on American chestnut (Castanea dentata) in Michigan and Wisconsin

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 100925
Author(s):  
Matthew Kolp ◽  
Mark L. Double ◽  
Dennis W. Fulbright ◽  
William L. MacDonald ◽  
Andrew M. Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics

scholarly journals Comparison of the transcriptomes of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) in response to the chestnut blight infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelali Barakat ◽  
Denis S DiLoreto ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Chris Smith ◽  
Kathleen Baier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chinese Chestnut ◽  
Castanea Mollissima

scholarly journals Resistance toPhytophthora cinnamomiin American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Backcross Populations that Descended from Two Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) Sources of Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared W. Westbrook ◽  
Joseph B. James ◽  
Paul H. Sisco ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Sunny Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Chinese Chestnut ◽  
Root Health

Restoration of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) depends on combining resistance to both the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) and Phytophthora cinnamomi, which causes Phytophthora root rot, in a diverse population of C. dentata. Over a 14-year period (2004 to 2017), survival and root health of American chestnut backcross seedlings after inoculation with P. cinnamomi were compared among 28 BC3, 66 BC4, and 389 BC3F3families that descended from two BC1trees (Clapper and Graves) with different Chinese chestnut grandparents. The 5% most resistant Graves BC3F3families survived P. cinnamomi infection at rates of 75 to 100% but had mean root health scores that were intermediate between resistant Chinese chestnut and susceptible American chestnut families. Within Graves BC3F3families, seedling survival was greater than survival of Graves BC3and BC4families and was not genetically correlated with chestnut blight canker severity. Only low to intermediate resistance to P. cinnamomi was detected among backcross descendants from the Clapper tree. Results suggest that major-effect resistance alleles were inherited by descendants from the Graves tree, that intercrossing backcross trees enhances progeny resistance to P. cinnamomi, and that alleles for resistance to P. cinnamomi and C. parasitica are not linked. To combine resistance to both C. parasitica and P. cinnamomi, a diverse Graves backcross population will be screened for resistance to P. cinnamomi, survivors bred with trees selected for resistance to C. parasitica, and progeny selected for resistance to both pathogens will be intercrossed.

scholarly journals Detection of natural infection of Quercus spp. by the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) in Hungary

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Radócz ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
European Chestnut ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Endothia Parasitica

The chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr [syn.: Endothia parasitica (Murr) Anderson] caused almost total destruction of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and widely spread on European chestnut (Castanea saliva) in many European countries. In Hungary, because this fungus threatens most of the Hungarian chestnut stands, great efforts have been made to delay its spread. Biological control with Hungarian hypovirulent strains of the pathogen seems to be an effective method for saving the affected chestnut trees. Until 1998 the fungus was detected on Castanea saliva only, then on some trees of young Quercus petrea in mixed chestnut forests, which also showed the typical symptoms of blight (Kőszeg and Zengővárkony). Although blight symptoms are not so serious in Quercus spp. than in Castanea spp., it seems that C. parasitica threatens the young Quercus spp. in Hungary, mainly in heavily infected chestnut forests. This is the first report of C. parasitica cankers on oak in Hungary.

Movement of cytoplasmic hypovirulence agents in chestnut blight cankers

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shain ◽  
J. B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Hypovirulent Strain ◽  
Endothia Parasitica

Chestnut blight cankers, initiated with virulent methionine auxotrophic strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, were challenged by placing one or two discs of agar and mycelium of prototrophic hypovirulent strains at their base. Movement of hypovirulence agents was confirmed by recovery of an isolate that exhibited the typical morphology of the introduced hypovirulent strain on media with methionine but little or no growth on media without methionine. Cultures from bark showed that the hypovirulent agent moved through mycelium around the circumference of cankers within 3 weeks when the virulent and challenging hypovirulent were vegetatively compatible. Conversion of the mycelium in the canker interior proceeded more slowly. Conversion of mycelium also was delayed, but eventually occurred, when virulent and hypovirulent inocula differed in vegetative compatibility. Conidia, however, continued to yield virulent, methionine-requiring cultures up to 65 weeks after challenge, even though underlying bark frequently yielded hypovirulent, methionine-requiring cultures. This disinclination of hypovirulent agents to enter the asexual apparatus in cankers may contribute substantially to the observed ineffective dissemination of hypovirulence in the natural range of American chestnut. Exploitation of those hypovirulent agents that can enter conidia in cankers may enhance the biological control of chestnut blight by hypovirulence. Key words: biological control, Cryphonectria parasitica, Endothia parasitica, Castanea dentata.

Cryphonectria parasitica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Carya Ovata ◽  
Shagbark Hickory ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
Rhus Typhina

Abstract A description is provided for Cryphonectria parasitica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Particularly Castanea dentata (American chestnut); other Castanea spp., Acer spp. Quercus spp., Carya ovata (shagbark hickory) and Rhus typhina (staghorn sumach), (30, 550; 33, 569; 34, 759; 42, 709; 43, 2426; 48, 946; 54, 1012; 56, 410; 57, 1569). DISEASE: Chestnut Blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China, India (Uttar Pradesh), Japan, Korea, Turkey, USSR (Caucasus); Europe (Belgium, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Ukraine), Yugoslavia); N. America (Canada (British Colombia, Ontario), USA (E. including Florida, California, Oregon and Washington) (CMI Map 66, ed. 4, 1973) TRANSMISSION: The slimy conidia are spread in water and carried long distances by birds and insects. The ascospores are air dispersed; acospore discharge has been described (59, 471).

Dendroecology of American chestnut in a disjunct stand of oak–chestnut forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W McEwan ◽  
Carolyn H Keiffer ◽  
Brian C McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Restoration Potential

American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) was once an important hardwood species in the forests of eastern North America. Following the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr) pandemic of the early 20th century, C. dentata remains only as sprouts throughout much of its range. We conducted a dendroecological analysis of a large naturalized stand of mature C. dentata to evaluate the species' growth capacity, ecology, and restoration potential. Eestablishment of C. dentata was sporadic in the first 40 years of our chronology, followed by a disturbance-associated recruitment pulse. The species appears to be tolerant of suppression in the understory, but responded to release with rapid radial growth (>10 mm·year–1). Although its climate–growth relationships are similar to those of other hardwood species, mean radial growth of C. dentata was nearly twice that of other hardwood species found in the stand (4.7 ± 0.21 vs. 2.5 ± 0.16 mm·year–1). Chestnut blight has recently infected this stand, resulting in a sharp depression in the growth chronology of C. dentata, even when outward signs of infection were not yet visible. Observed establishment and growth patterns suggest that blight-resistant C. dentata is likely to attain dominance rapidly in forests where restoration efforts include canopy manipulations that increase light availability.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of lexico-semantic processing in American Sign Language

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leonard ◽  
N. Ferjan Ramirez ◽  
C. Torres ◽  
M. Hatrak ◽  
R. Mayberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius in the Gulf of Alaska: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 117-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW McGowan ◽  
ED Goldstein ◽  
ML Arimitsu ◽  
AL Deary ◽  
O Ormseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius are planktivorous small pelagic fish that serve an intermediate trophic role in marine food webs. Due to the lack of a directed fishery or monitoring of capelin in the Northeast Pacific, limited information is available on their distribution and abundance, and how spatio-temporal fluctuations in capelin density affect their availability as prey. To provide information on life history, spatial patterns, and population dynamics of capelin in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), we modeled distributions of spawning habitat and larval dispersal, and synthesized spatially indexed data from multiple independent sources from 1996 to 2016. Potential capelin spawning areas were broadly distributed across the GOA. Models of larval drift show the GOA’s advective circulation patterns disperse capelin larvae over the continental shelf and upper slope, indicating potential connections between spawning areas and observed offshore distributions that are influenced by the location and timing of spawning. Spatial overlap in composite distributions of larval and age-1+ fish was used to identify core areas where capelin consistently occur and concentrate. Capelin primarily occupy shelf waters near the Kodiak Archipelago, and are patchily distributed across the GOA shelf and inshore waters. Interannual variations in abundance along with spatio-temporal differences in density indicate that the availability of capelin to predators and monitoring surveys is highly variable in the GOA. We demonstrate that the limitations of individual data series can be compensated for by integrating multiple data sources to monitor fluctuations in distributions and abundance trends of an ecologically important species across a large marine ecosystem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document