Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Non-symbiotic soil microbes are more strongly influenced by altered tree biodiversity than arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during initial forest establishment

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake J Grossman ◽  
Allen J Butterfield ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Sarah E Hobbie ◽  
Peter B Reich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Fungal Abundance

ABSTRACT While the relationship between plant and microbial diversity has been well studied in grasslands, less is known about similar relationships in forests, especially for obligately symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. To assess the effect of varying tree diversity on microbial alpha- and beta-diversity, we sampled soil from plots in a high-density tree diversity experiment in Minnesota, USA, 3 years after establishment. About 3 of 12 tree species are AM hosts; the other 9 primarily associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used phospho- and neutral lipid fatty acid analysis to characterize the biomass and functional identity of the whole soil bacterial and fungal community and high throughput sequencing to identify the species-level richness and composition of the AM fungal community. We found that plots of differing tree composition had different bacterial and fungal communities; plots with conifers, and especially Juniperus virginiana, had lower densities of several bacterial groups. In contrast, plots with a higher density or diversity of AM hosts showed no sign of greater AM fungal abundance or diversity. Our results indicate that early responses to plant diversity vary considerably across microbial groups, with AM fungal communities potentially requiring longer timescales to respond to changes in host tree diversity.

scholarly journals Clary Sage Cultivation and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Influence the Rhizosphere Fungal Community of an Aged Trace-Element Polluted Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Robin Raveau ◽  
Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui ◽  
Mohamed Hijri ◽  
Joël Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Lead Smelter ◽  
Amf Communities

Soil fungal communities play a central role in natural systems and agroecosystems. As such, they have attracted significant research interest. However, the fungal microbiota of aromatic plants, such as clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), remain unexplored. This is especially the case in trace element (TE)-polluted conditions and within the framework of phytomanagement approaches. The presence of high concentrations of TEs in soils can negatively affect not only microbial diversity and community composition but also plant establishment and growth. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the soil fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition and their changes over time in TE-polluted soils in the vicinity of a former lead smelter and under the cultivation of clary sage. We used Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effects of in situ clary sage cultivation over two successive years, combined or not with exogenous AMF inoculation, on the rhizospheric soil and root fungal communities. We obtained 1239 and 569 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASV), respectively, in the rhizospheric soil and roots of S. sclarea under TE-polluted conditions. Remarkably, 69 AMF species were detected at our experimental site, belonging to 12 AMF genera. Furthermore, the inoculation treatment significantly shaped the fungal communities in soil and increased the number of AMF ASVs in clary sage roots. In addition, clary sage cultivation over successive years could be one of the explanatory parameters for the inter-annual variation in both fungal and AMF communities in the soil and root biotopes. Our data provide new insights on fungal and AMF communities in the rhizospheric soil and roots of an aromatic plant, clary sage, grown in TE-polluted agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil-Borne Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi during Natural Regrowth of Abandoned Cattle Pastures Are Indicative of Ecosystem Restoration

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Rodríguez-León ◽  
Clara P. Peña-Venegas ◽  
Armando Sterling ◽  
Herminton Muñoz-Ramirez ◽  
Yeny R. Virguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Degraded Pastures

Natural restoration of ecosystems includes the restoration of plant-microbial associations; however, few studies had documented those changes in tropical ecosystems. With the aim to contribute to understand soil microbial changes in a natural regrowth succession of degraded pastures that were left for natural restoration, we studied changes in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiosis with plants, improving plant nutrition. Amplification of the small subunit rRNA with specific primers and subsequent Illumina sequencing were used to search soil-borne AM fungal communities in four successional natural regrowth stages in two landscapes (hill and mountain) with soil differences, located in the Andean-Amazonian transition. Molecular results corroborated the results obtained previously by spores-dependent approaches. More abundance and virtual taxa of AMF exist in the soil of degraded pastures and early natural regrowth stages than in old-growth or mature forest soils. Although changes in AM fungal communities occurred similarly over the natural regrowth chronosequence, differences in soil texture between landscapes was an important soil feature differentiating AM fungal community composition and richness. Changes in soil-borne AM fungal communities reflect some signals of environmental restoration that had not been described before, such as the reduction of Glomus dominance and the increase of Paraglomus representativeness in the AM fungal community during the natural regrowth chronosequence.

scholarly journals Trophic interactions as determinants of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community with cascading plant-promoting consequences

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Jiang ◽  
Lu Luan ◽  
Kaijie Hu ◽  
Manqiang Liu ◽  
Ziyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Amf Communities

Abstract Background The soil mycobiome is composed of a complex and diverse fungal community, which includes functionally diverse species ranging from plant pathogens to mutualists. Among the latter are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that provide phosphorous (P) to plants. While plant hosts and abiotic parameters are known to structure AMF communities, it remains largely unknown how higher trophic level organisms, including protists and nematodes, affect AMF abundance and community composition. Results Here, we explored the connections between AMF, fungivorous protists and nematodes that could partly reflect trophic interactions, and linked those to rhizosphere P dynamics and plant performance in a long-term manure application setting. Our results revealed that manure addition increased AMF biomass and the density of fungivorous nematodes, and tailored the community structures of AMF, fungivorous protists, and nematodes. We detected a higher abundance of AMF digested by the dominant fungivorous nematodes Aphelenchoides and Aphelenchus in high manure treatments compared to no manure and low manure treatments. Structural equation modeling combined with network analysis suggested that predation by fungivorous protists and nematodes stimulated AMF biomass and modified the AMF community composition. The mycorrhizal-fungivore interactions catalyzed AMF colonization and expression levels of the P transporter gene ZMPht1;6 in maize roots, which resulted in enhanced plant productivity. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of predation as a key element in shaping the composition and enhancing the biomass of AMF, leading to increased plant performance. As such, we clarify novel biological mechanism of the complex interactions between AMF, fungivorous protists, and nematodes in driving P absorption and plant performance.

scholarly journals Fungal community assembly in soils and roots under plant invasion and nitrogen deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michala L. Phillips ◽  
S□ren E. Weber ◽  
Lela V. Andrews ◽  
Emma L. Aronson ◽  
Michael F. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Rapid Changes

AbstractAbstract Fungal community composition in the Anthropocene is driven by rapid changes in environmental conditions caused by human activities. This study examines the relative importance of two global change drivers – atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and annual grass invasion – on structuring fungal communities in a California chaparral ecosystem, with emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We used molecular markers, functional groupings, generalized linear statistics and joint distribution modeling, to examine how environmental variables structure taxonomic and functional composition of fungal communities. Invasion of a chaparral ecosystem decreased richness and relative abundance of non-AMF symbionts and rhizophilic AMF (e.g. Glomeraceae) as well as the proportion of edaphophilic AMF (e.g. Gigasporaceae). We found increased richness and the proportion of rhizophilic and edaphophilic AMF with increasing soil NO3. Our findings suggest that invasive persistence may decrease the presence of multiple soil symbionts that native species depend on for pathogen protection and increased access to soil resources.

scholarly journals Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities from Perturbed Areas Reveal Drive Role of Environmental Factors in Microbial Diversity of Colombian Andosols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAUL ALEXANDER ARANGUREN AROCA ◽  
Samuele Voyron ◽  
Fabrizio Ungaro ◽  
Julio Cañón ◽  
Erica Lumini
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Fungal Community Composition

Abstract Changes in soil fungal community caused by land use have not been sufficiently studied in South-American Andosols, considered globally as important food production areas. This study analyzed 26 soil samples of Andosols collected from locations devoted to conservation, agriculture and mining activities in the southeastern region of Antioquia, Colombia, to establish differences between fungal communities as indicators of the degree of soil perturbation. The study developed a novel heminested PCR with primers SSUmCf Mix, ITS4 and fITS7 to assess Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi detection in a Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region. A non-metric multidimensional scaling allowed exploring driver factors of fungal community changes, while fitted Dirichlet-multinomial models and PERMANOVA tests allowed identifying the correlations between alpha diversity indexes and community dissimilarities, as well as the significance of land use effects on fungal community composition. Furthermore, response ratios were determined to assess effect size by land use over relevant taxa. Results suggest a good coverage of fungal diversity with a detection of 10,529 high-quality ITS2 sequences belonged to phylum Glomeromycota. The analysis shows strong correlations of Shannon and Fisher indexes with dissimilarities on fungal communities among land uses (r=0.94), related to variations in temperature, air humidity and organic matter contents that lead to significant responses in abundances of relevant orders (such as Wallemiales and Trichosporonales). The study highlights the rich fungal biodiversity of the tropical Andosols, their specific sensitivities to environmental perturbation factors, and the useful range of a metabarcoding approach to characterize soil fungal communities.

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