Usual walking speed and all-cause mortality risk in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

We performed a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption and adult mortality risk. A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted from seven cohort studies (totaling 207,291 adults from four countries). Using a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) of pooled outcomes were estimated. Our results showed that UPF consumption was related to an enhanced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I2 = 21.9%; p < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-cause mortality (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.63; I2 = 0.0%; p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.85; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.022), but not cancer-cause mortality. Furthermore, our findings revealed that each 10% increase in UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 15% higher risk of all-cause mortality (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.21; I2 = 0.0%; p < 0.001). The dose–response analysis revealed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and all-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.879, Pdose–response = p < 0.001), CVDs-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.868, Pdose–response = p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.774, Pdose–response = p < 0.001). It seems that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an enhanced risk of adult mortality. Despite this, further experimental studies are necessary to draw a more definite conclusion.

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Different Anticoagulant Regimens, Mortality, and Bleeding in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and an Updated Meta-Analysis

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1726034 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberta Parisi ◽

Simona Costanzo ◽

Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽

Giovanni de Gaetano ◽

Maria Benedetta Donati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Estimate ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Risk Of Bleeding ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Therapeutic Doses

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the association of anticoagulants and their dosage with in-hospital all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients. Articles were retrieved until January 8, 2021, by searching in seven electronic databases. The main outcome was all-cause mortality occurred during hospitalization. Data were combined using the general variance-based method on the effect estimate for each study. Separate meta-analyses according to type of COVID-19 patients (hospitalized or intensive care unit [ICU] patients), anticoagulants (mainly heparin), and regimens (therapeutic or prophylactic) were conducted. A total of 29 articles were selected, but 23 retrospective studies were eligible for quantitative meta-analyses. No clinical trial was retrieved. The majority of studies were of good quality; however, 34% did not distinguish heparin from other anticoagulants. Meta-analysis on 25,719 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed that anticoagulant use was associated with 50% reduced in-hospital mortality risk (pooled risk ratio [RR]: 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.62; I 2: 87%). Both anticoagulant regimens (therapeutic and prophylactic) reduced in-hospital all-cause mortality, compared with no anticoagulation. Particularly in ICU patients, the anticoagulant therapeutic regimen was associated with a reduced in-hospital mortality risk (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15–0.60; I 2: 58%) compared with the prophylactic one. However, the former was also associated with a higher risk of bleeding (RR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.60–4.00; I 2: 65%). Anticoagulant use, mainly heparin, reduced all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Due to the higher risk of bleeding at therapeutic doses, the use of prophylactic dosages of anticoagulant is probably to be preferred in noncritically ill COVID-19 patients.

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Association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

K Awad ◽

M Mohammed ◽

M M Zaki ◽

A I Abushouk ◽

G Y H Lip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Older People ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Current Evidence ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Statin Use

Abstract Background Current evidence from randomized controlled trials on statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older people, especially those aged >75 years, is still lacking. Purpose We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to extend the current evidence about association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of CVD and mortality. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception until March 18, 2021. We included observational studies (cohort or nested case-control) that compared statin use vs non-use for primary prevention of CVD in older people aged ≥65 years; provided that each of them reported the risk estimate on at least one of the following primary outcomes: all cause-mortality, CVD death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Risk estimates of each relevant outcome were pooled as a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects meta-analysis model. Results Ten observational studies (9 cohort and one case-control study; n=872,845) fulfilled our criteria. The overall combined estimate suggested that statin therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.93]), CVD death (HR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.78 to 0.81]), and stroke (HR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.76 to 0.94]) and a non-significant association with risk of MI (HR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.53 to 1.02]). The beneficial association of statins with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant even at higher ages (>75 years old; HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.81 to 0.96]) and in both men (HR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.74 to 0.76]) and women (HR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.72 to 0.99]). However, this association with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant only in those with DM (HR: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.68 to 0.98]) but not in those without DM. Conclusions Statin therapy in older people (aged ≥65 years) without CVD was associated with a 14%, 20% and 15% lower risk of all-cause mortality, CVD death and stroke, respectively. The beneficial association with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant even at higher ages (>75 years old), in both men and women, and in individuals with DM, but not in those without DM. These observational findings support the need for trials to test benefits of statins in those above 75 years of age. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. Results of the meta-analysis

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Do “Moderate” Drinkers Have Reduced Mortality Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Alcohol Consumption and All-Cause Mortality

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ◽

10.15288/jsad.2016.77.185 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 185-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 206

Author(s):

Tim Stockwell ◽

Jinhui Zhao ◽

Sapna Panwar ◽

Audra Roemer ◽

Timothy Naimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

All Cause Mortality

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Association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-021-02009-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kamal Awad ◽

Maged Mohammed ◽

Mahmoud Mohamed Zaki ◽

Abdelrahman I. Abushouk ◽

Gregory Y. H. Lip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Older People ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Current Evidence ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Statin Use

Abstract Background Current evidence from randomized controlled trials on statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older people, especially those aged > 75 years, is still lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to extend the current evidence about the association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of CVD and mortality. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception until March 18, 2021. We included observational studies (cohort or nested case-control) that compared statin use vs non-use for primary prevention of CVD in older people aged ≥ 65 years; provided that each of them reported the risk estimate on at least one of the following primary outcomes: all cause-mortality, CVD death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Risk estimates of each relevant outcome were pooled as a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects meta-analysis model. The quality of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. Results Ten observational studies (9 cohorts and one case-control study; n = 815,667) fulfilled our criteria. The overall combined estimate suggested that statin therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.86 [95% CI 0.79 to 0.93]), CVD death (HR: 0.80 [95% CI 0.78 to 0.81]), and stroke (HR: 0.85 [95% CI 0.76 to 0.94]) and a non-significant association with risk of MI (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.53 to 1.02]). The beneficial association of statins with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant even at higher ages (> 75 years old; HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.81 to 0.96]) and in both men (HR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.74 to 0.76]) and women (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.72 to 0.99]). However, this association with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant only in those with diabetes mellitus (DM) (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.68 to 0.98]) but not in those without DM. The level of evidence of all the primary outcomes was rated as “very low.” Conclusions Statin therapy in older people (aged ≥ 65 years) without CVD was associated with a 14%, 20%, and 15% lower risk of all-cause mortality, CVD death, and stroke, respectively. The beneficial association with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant even at higher ages (> 75 years old), in both men and women, and in individuals with DM, but not in those without DM. These observational findings support the need for trials to test the benefits of statins in those above 75 years of age.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Smoking and all-cause mortality in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717447809.792852814 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Marian Worcester ◽

Michael Le Grande

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older People ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

All Cause Mortality

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Mortality in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review

Medical Sciences Forum ◽

10.3390/iecmd2021-10310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Greta Charukevič ◽

Dalia Miltinienė ◽

Jolanta Dadonienė

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Study ◽

General Population ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Standardized Mortality Ratios

Background and Objectives: Mortality rates among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been reported to be higher than in the general population. The long-term prognosis of RA has improved in recent years due to early diagnosis, as well as effective pharmacological treatment, and this may be able to diminish the excess mortality risk. This study was designed to investigate mortality (a) in patients with RA in a retrospectively defined national RA cohort in comparison with the general Lithuanian population, and (b) to conduct a systematic review of the literature from different countries and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: In this national retrospective cohort study, patients with a first-time diagnosis of RA in the period between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 were identified from the Lithuanian Compulsory Health Insurance Information System database SVEIDRA. All cases were cross-checked with the Health Information Center at the Institute of Hygiene, for the vital status of these patients and date of death if documented. The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained for all-cause mortality in patients with RA adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year were calculated. The search for published studies using the combination of keywords “rheumatoid arthritis AND standardized mortality ratio” was performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed, OVID, and EBSCO), Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, and Springer databases. Studies were selected according to described inclusion and exclusion criteria listed in the paper, and a meta-analysis was conducted. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to compute the pooled standardized mortality ratios (meta-SMRs). Results: Overall, 4623 patients with newly diagnosed RA during the 2013–2017 period were identified and enrolled in the Lithuanian population-based cohort. The mean age of patients at the time of RA diagnosis was 58.7 (standard deviation (SD) 15.1) years, and 77.1% of the patients were women. The estimated SMR for all-cause mortality was 1.15 (95% CI 1.02, 1.29). The SMR for men (SMR 1.14, 95% CI 0.94, 1.39) was higher than for women (SMR 1.03, 95% CI 0.89, 1.19). A systematic literature search revealed 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, starting from 2010 to 2020, representing 50,072 patients. The meta-SMR in patients with RA for all-cause mortality was 1.41 (95% CI 1.29, 1.55). All-cause mortality risk was higher for men (meta-SMR 1.53, 95% CI 1.31, 1.78) than for women (meta-SMR 1.46, 95% CI 1.2, 1.77). Conclusions: In a retrospectively defined population-based national RA cohort, a 15% excess risk of death was observed among patients with RA compared to the general Lithuanian population. Patients with RA have a higher mortality risk than the general population. Published data indicate that the risk of mortality is increased by 41% in patients with RA compared to the general population. Excessive all-cause mortality risk is higher in men than in women. National data showed lower standardized mortality compared to literature data.

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