scholarly journals Third-Degree Price Discrimination Versus Uniform Pricing

Author(s):  
Dirk Bergemann ◽  
Francisco Castro ◽  
Gabriel Weintraub
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 190023
Author(s):  
J. Hernandez-Castro ◽  
A. Cartwright ◽  
E. Cartwright

We present in this work an economic analysis of ransomware, a relatively new form of cyber-enabled extortion. We look at how the illegal gains of the criminals will depend on the strategies they use, examining uniform pricing and price discrimination. We also explore the welfare costs to society of such strategies. In addition, we present the results of a pilot survey which demonstrate proof of concept in evaluating the costs of ransomware attacks. We discuss at each stage whether the different strategies we analyse have been encountered already in existing malware, and the likelihood of them being implemented in the future. We hope this work will provide some useful insights for predicting how ransomware may evolve in the future.


Author(s):  
Roman Inderst ◽  
Tommaso Valletti

Abstract This paper introduces a model of third-degree price discrimination where a seller's pricing power is constrained by buyers' outside options. Price uniformity performs more efficiently than discriminatory pricing, as uniform pricing allows weaker buyers to exploit the more attractive outside option of stronger buyers. This mechanism is markedly different from the mechanisms that are at work in case uniform pricing is imposed on an unconstrained monopolist.


2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Felder

Abstract According to a classical result, a move from uniform pricing to third-degree price discrimination only improves welfare if total output increases. In this paper I show that the classical result fails in the presence of subsidies. This finding appears to be relevant for the pharmaceutical sector where a consumer pays a fraction of the actual drug price due to health insurance coverage.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Arya ◽  
Brian Mittendorf ◽  
Dae-Hee Yoon

A persistent question in industrial organization is whether regulations restricting price discrimination in input markets can promote efficiency. Despite the extensive study of the economic effects of input pricing regulations, the literature is bereft of an examination of the role of accounting information. In this paper, we seek to fill the gap by modeling the effects of uniform pricing restrictions in input markets on firms’ information generation and disclosure. In doing so, we find that information considerations present an impetus for uniform pricing requirements since they promote incentives for retail firms to both acquire and disclose relevant accounting information. In effect, by shielding retail firms from excessive supplier exploitation, uniform pricing regulations create a richer and more transparent information environment. This, then, leads to welfare gains and even benefits that can accrue naturally to all supply chain partners including the supplier, whose actions are constrained by the uniform pricing regulation. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.


1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Brian T. Batchford

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Grennan

Many important issues in business-to-business markets involve price discrimination and negotiated prices, situations where theoretical predictions are ambiguous. This paper uses new panel data on buyer-supplier transfers and a structural model to empirically analyze bargaining and price discrimination in a medical device market. While many phenomena that restrict different prices to different buyers are suggested as ways to decrease hospital costs (e.g., mergers, group purchasing organizations, and transparency), I find that: (i) more uniform pricing works against hospitals by softening competition; and (ii) results depend ultimately on a previously unexplored bargaining effect. (JEL C78, L13, L14, L64)


2013 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Horstmann ◽  
Jan Krämer

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Elegido

ABSTRACT:Price discrimination is the practice of charging different customers different prices for the same product. Many people consider price discrimination unfair, but economists argue that in many cases price discrimination is more likely to lead to greater welfare than is the uniform pricing alternative—sometimes for every party in the transaction. This article shows i) that there are many situations in which it is necessary to engage in differential pricing in order to make the provision of a product possible; and ii) that in many such situations, the seller does not obtain an above-average rate of return. It concludes that price discrimination is not inherently unfair. The article also contends that even when conditions i) and/or ii) do not obtain, price discrimination is not necessarily unethical. In itself, the fact that some people get an even better deal than do others does not entail that the latter are wronged.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Bergemann ◽  
Francisco Castro ◽  
Gabriel Y. Weintraub

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastián Vélez-Velásquez

Economic theory is inconclusive regarding the effects of banning third-degree price discrimination under imperfect competition because they depend on how the competing firms rank their market segments. When, relative to uniform pricing, all competitors want higher prices in the same market segments, a ban on price discrimination will reduce profits and benefit some consumers at the expense of others. If, instead, some firms want to charge higher prices in segments where their competitors want to charge lower prices, price discrimination increases competition driving all prices down. In this case, forcing the firms to charge uniform prices can increase their profits and reduce consumer surplus. We use data on Colombian broadband subscriptions to estimate the demand for internet services. Estimated preferences and assumptions about competition are used to simulate a scenario in which firms lose their ability to price discriminate. Our results show large effects on consumer surplus and large effects on firms’ profits. Aggregate profits increase but the effects for individual firms are heterogeneous. The effects on consumer welfare vary by city. In most cities, a uniform price regime causes large welfare transfers from low-income households towards high-income households and in a few cities, prices in all segments rise. Poorer households respond to the increase in prices by subscribing to internet plans with slower download speed.


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