scholarly journals Detailed expression profile of all six Glypicans and their modifying enzyme Notum during chick embryogenesis and their role in dorsal-ventral patterning of the neural tube

Gene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawakeb Saad ◽  
Anthony Otto ◽  
Susanne Theis ◽  
Niki Kennerley ◽  
Andrea Munsterberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Chick Embryogenesis

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profile Associated With Neural Tube Defects Among Infants Attending Muhimbili National Hospital And Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute In Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Sadallah ◽  
Evelyne Neema Assenga ◽  
Charles Pallangyo ◽  
Karim Manji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Low Expression

Abstract Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. The specific cause is not known, though several factors including gene variants involving the folate metabolism have been implicated in the etiology. This study aimed at identifying the gene expression profile of selected genes known to be associated with NTDs among infants attending Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (MOI).Methodology: We conducted a matched case control study involving infants who were attending MNH and MOI during 6 months of the study period. Each case was matched with two controls by gestational age, sex and birth weight. Whole blood samples were collected from all study participants for genetic analysis. Total RNA was isolated using Qiagen RNA blood mini kit, and reversed transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using Super Script II Reverse Transcriptase cDNA Synthesis kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on extracted cDNA by a Light Thermal Cycler 480 machine using specific primers for studied genes to determine their expression levels. Results were analysed by GraphPad Prism 5Software, using Student t-test, and Bonferroni post hoc statistical tests. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The study recruited 50 cases and 100 controls. Among eight studied genes, we found significantly low expression of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] gene among cases than controls (p=0.006). Expression of others genes were having variations and expressed at very low levels in both cases and controls.Conclusion: A low expression level of MTHFR gene was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of NTDs amongst infants attending MNH and MOI.Recommendation: We recommend gene expression analysis to be done on mothers of infants with NTDs to identify those at risk; and further mutational analysis to be done to enhance genetic counseling and therefore to prevent recurrence of NTDs.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profile Associated With Neural Tube Defects Among Infants Attending Muhimbili National Hospital And Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute In Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Sadallah ◽  
Evelyne Neema Assenga ◽  
Charles Pallangyo ◽  
Karim Manji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Low Expression

Abstract Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. The specific cause is not known, though several factors including gene variants involving the folate metabolism have been implicated in the etiology. This study aimed at identifying the gene expression profile of selected genes known to be associated with NTDs among infants attending Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (MOI).Methods: We conducted a matched case control study involving infants who were attending MNH and MOI during 6 months of the study period. Each case was matched with two controls by gestational age, sex and birth weight. Whole blood samples were collected from all study participants for genetic analysis. Total RNA was isolated using Qiagen RNA blood mini kit, and reversed transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using Super Script II Reverse Transcriptase cDNA Synthesis kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on extracted cDNA by a Light Thermal Cycler 480 machine using specific primers for studied genes to determine their expression levels. Results were analysed by GraphPad Prism 5Software, using Student t-test, and Bonferroni post hoc statistical tests. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The study recruited 50 cases and 100 controls. Among eight studied genes, we found significantly low expression of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] gene among cases than controls (p=0.006). Expression of others genes were having variations and expressed at very low levels in both cases and controls.Conclusions: A low expression level of MTHFR gene was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of NTDs amongst infants attending MNH and MOI. We recommend gene expression analysis to be done on mothers of infants with NTDs to identify those at risk; and further mutational analysis to be done to enhance genetic counseling and therefore to prevent recurrence of NTDs.

The distribution of endogenous retinoic acid in the chick embryo: implications for developmental mechanisms

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (21) ◽  
pp. 4133-4144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maden ◽  
E. Sonneveld ◽  
P.T. van der Saag ◽  
E. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
F9 Cells ◽  
Chick Embryogenesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

The aim of these experiments was to determine the endogenous distribution of retinoic acid (RA) across a wide range of embryonic stages in the chick embryo. By high pressure liquid chromatography, it was revealed that didehydroRA is the most prevalent retinoic acid in the chick embryo and that the tissues of the stage 24 embryo differed widely in their total RA content (didehydroRA + all-trans-RA). Some tissues such as the heart had very little RA and some such as the neural tube had very high levels, the total variation between these two being 29-fold. We showed that these tissues also synthesised RA and released it into the medium, thus validating the use of the F9 reporter cell system for further analyses of younger staged embryos. With these F9 cells, we showed that, at stage 4, the posterior end of the embryo had barely detectably higher levels of RA than the anterior end, but that a significant level of RA generation was detected as soon as somitogenesis began. Then a sharp on/off boundary of RA was present at the level of the first somite. We could find no evidence for a posterior-to-anterior gradient of RA. Throughout further development, various consistent observations were made: the developing brain did not generate RA, but the spinal part of the neural tube generated it at very high levels so there must be a sharp on/off boundary in the region of the hindbrain/spinal cord junction; the mesenchyme surrounding the hindbrain generated RA whereas the hindbrain itself did not; there was a variation in RA levels from the midline outwards with the highest levels of RA in the spinal neural tube followed by lower levels in the somites followed by lower levels in the lateral plate; the posterior half of the limb bud generated higher levels than the anterior half. With these observations, we were able to draw maps of endogenous RA throughout these early stages of chick embryogenesis and the developmental implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profile Associated With Neural Tube Defects Among Infants Attending Muhimbili National Hospital And Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute In Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Sadallah ◽  
Evelyne Neema Assenga ◽  
Charles Pallangyo ◽  
Karim Manji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Low Expression

Abstract Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. The specific cause is not known, though several factors including gene variants involving the folate metabolism have been implicated in the etiology. This study aimed at identifying the gene expression profile of selected genes known to be associated with NTDs among infants attending Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (MOI).Methodology We conducted a matched case control study involving infants who were attending MNH and MOI during 6 months of the study period. Each case was matched with two controls by gestational age, sex and birth weight. Whole blood samples were collected from all study participants for genetic analysis. Total RNA was isolated using Qiagen RNA blood mini kit, and reversed transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using Super Script II Reverse Transcriptase cDNA Synthesis kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on extracted cDNA by a Light Thermal Cycler 480 machine using specific primers for studied genes to determine their expression levels.Results were analysed by GraphPad Prism 5Software, using Student t-test, and Bonferroni post hoc statistical tests. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The study recruited 50 cases and 100 controls. Among eight studied genes, we found significantly low expression of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] gene among cases than controls (p=0.006). Expression of others genes were having variations and expressed at very low levels in both cases and controls.Conclusion A low expression level of MTHFR gene was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of NTDs amongst infants attending MNH and MOI.Recommendation: We recommend gene expression analysis to be done on mothers of infants with NTDs to identify those at risk; and further mutational analysis to be done to enhance genetic counseling and therefore to prevent recurrence of NTDs.

Regional specification of motoneurons along the anterior-posterior axis is independent of the notochord

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fukushima ◽  
M. Nakamura ◽  
K. Ohta ◽  
R. Okamura ◽  
A. Negi
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Spinal Motoneurons ◽  
Ngf Receptor ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

Cek8 and low affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR) are expressed at high levels on the chick spinal motoneurons of the brachial and lumbar segments from embryonic day (E) 5 to E7, but weakly on the motoneurons of the non-limb-innervating segments. We determined by means of heterotopic neural tube transplantation, that the expression of these molecules was already intrinsically determined at E2. We used these spatiotemporal specific molecules as markers of motoneuron subpopulations. To analyze how motoneurons acquire regional specification along the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis and in the transverse plane, we observed the expression of these molecules on ectopic motoneurons induced by implanting a supernumerary notochord or floor plate at E2. The ectopic motoneurons induced by the graft obtained from either the thoracic or lumbar segments had the same expression profile as the normal motoneurons at each A-P level. These findings suggest that regional specification of motoneurons, at least of Cek8 and LNGFR expression, is independent of the notochord and the floor plate and that the whole neural tube appears to be committed to differentiate into the motoneuron subtypes along the A-P axis at the operative stages.

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