scholarly journals Effects of seed provenance, pre-treatment and mass on germinability and seedling growth of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile and Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre in Benin (West Africa)

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e08540
Author(s):  
Guillaume Hounsou-Dindin ◽  
Rodrigue Idohou ◽  
Marcel T. Donou Hounsode ◽  
Aristide Cossi Adomou ◽  
Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ricinodendron Heudelotii ◽  
Seed Provenance

scholarly journals Effects of provenance, pre-treatment and seeds’ mass on germinability and seedling growth of socio-economically important Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile and Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre in Benin (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume HOUNSOU-DINDIN ◽  
Rodrigue Idohou ◽  
Marcel T. Donou Hounsode ◽  
Aristide C. Adomou ◽  
Achille E. Assogbadjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ricinodendron Heudelotii

Abstract Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile and Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre are socioeconomically important but endemic species to sub-Saharan Africa. This study was conducted to assess the germination capacity of their seeds and seedling growth according to seed provenance, seed mass and pre-treatment techniques as a contribution to the development of strategies for their conservation and domestication in Benin. The seeds were randomly collected in the species occurrence phytodistricts. A split-split plot design with three replicates was used. The survival analysis and generalized linear mixed effects models were implemented on the data. Findings were that the heaviest seeds ( B. aegyptiaca seed mass ≥ 3 g and R. heudelotii ≥ 1.50 g) , provided the highest germination rates (73.60 ± 5.19% and 62.50 ± 5.71%) with seeds scarified with a hammer first emerging at day-8 and day-10 for B. aegyptiaca and R. heudelotii respectively. For B. aegyptiaca seedlings, the seeds from North Borgou phytodistrict scarified with a hammer and the heaviest seeds showed the highest total height (36.43 ± 1.03 cm), basal diameter (2.84 ± 0.03 mm), the greatest number of leaves (32) and ramifications (1). The heaviest seeds of R. heudelotii showed also the highest total height from the day-28 after sowing (26.73 ± 13.56 cm) until the day-105 (151.97 ± 6.37 cm) and those from Pobe phytodistrict showed the highest basal diameter (12.53 ± 1.47 mm) and the greatest number of leaves (14), with almost no ramification during the trial period. These findings constitute a step towards upscaling the reproducibility of these species for better contribution to economies while serving for restoration plans.

Comparison of pre-treatments for inducing germination in highly dormant wheat genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pre Treatment

An effective dormancy-breaking method may be of interest to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders selecting for increased seed dormancy prior to advancing their populations in greenhouse grow-outs. The objective of this study was to identify an effective pre-treatment for breaking dormancy in wheat that did not result in seedling etiolation. In 2000, eight dormant (W98616, line 211, EMDR-4, EMDR-9, EMDR-14, RL4137, Columbus, and AC Domain) and one nondormant line (Roblin) were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan. Seeds were: (i) stored for zero to 21 wks at 24°C before incubating at 20°C for 7 d; (ii) incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 14 d; and (iii) treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.0006 and 0.0014 M), potassium nitrate (KNO3) (0.01 and 0.02 M), chilling, heating, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 before incubating at 10°C for 14 d. Seedling growth was observed in a duplicated growth chamber experiment. Seedling length, first inter-node length, and biomass yield data were collected from plants grown from seeds treated with four effective pretreatments. Data were subjected to an ANOVA. Six to 18 weeks of storage at 24°C were required to break the dormancy (≥ 95% germination) in dormant genotypes. Incubation at 10°C was the most effective temperature for promoting germination in dormant seeds after 10d of testing. Four pre-treatments including 0.0006 M GA3, 0.0014 M GA3, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 led to ≥ 95% germination within 10 d of testing. Only GA3 treatments were associated with etiolated seedling growth. Heating with 0.01 M KNO3 or chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, applied before incubating at 10°C in darkness, may be of interest to breeders selecting for increased dormancy before advancing breeding populations in greenhouse grow-outs. Key words: Triticum, dormancy, nitrate, chilling, heating, etiolated seedling

MONITORING OF ENTOMOСOMPLEXES OF SOFT SPRING WHEAT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF SAMARA AREA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Каплин ◽  
Vladimir Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata ◽  
Pre Treatment

The purpose of research is creation of conditions for the formation of self-regulating entomocomplexes in agrocenoses with a significant competitive relations in the cultivation of spring wheat in the non-use of insecticides against pests. Insects was collected with an entomological net for 25-50 flaps in triple repeated in period of vegetation of wheat. In the conditions of the non-use of insecticides of entomokomplexes included insects-phytophagous which are potential vectors of viruses, phytoplasmas; suctorial and gnawing phytofagous; insects are developing inwardly wheat stems; entomophagous. Entomophagous regulating the density of phytophagous were represented by predators and parasites. In 2013-2016 Phyllotreta vittula, Oscinella pusilla, O. frit had a high density in the stage of seedling growth, Haplothrips tritici – in the stage of stem elongation of spring wheat. Against pests of seedlings in terms of their high density recommended for pre-treatment of seeds of spring wheat before sowing by system insecticide Cruiser, KC, without a negative impact on useful entomofauna of the agro-ecosystems. To the head emergence stage of spring wheat and the beginning of oviposition of Haplothrips tritici, its population was effectively reduced by Aeolothrips pascidutus. Development of cereal aphids was annualy kept Hippodamia variegata (Coccinellidae).

The evaluation of insecticides as soil and mound poisons against termites in agriculture and forestry in West Africa

1962 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Sands
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
One Year

The termites most injurious to crops and trees in West Africa are subterranean or mound-building species of the Termitidae, mainly Macrotermitinae with some Amitermitinae and Nasutitermitinae. Insecticides for their control may be applied generally to the soil, locally around the plant or directly to the colony.In investigations in Northern Nigeria, dusts containing aldrin or dieldrin were mixed with the top six inches of soil of a type commonly cultivated (a slightly humic, brown, loamy sand), exposed to weathering in the field and tested for persistence of the insecticides by bioassay at intervals, using workers of Trinervitermes ebenerianus Sjöst., a locally common surface-foraging species. The concentration of the insecticide in the soil was measured in terms of the time in days taken for 50 per cent. of the insects to be killed (T50). After 33–34 months, between one-third and one-fifth of the insecticide remained in soil originally treated with 0·5, 2 and 5 lb. active ingredient (a.i.) per acre.T. ebenerianus proved very sensitive to dieldrin; the T50 value was 1·48–4·10 days for single samples, from each of five colonies, exposed to filter paper containing 0·0018 parts per million, as compared with 10–24 days for the controls. It is suggested that general soil treatments should be used with caution until more is known of their effects on termite populations, which are important in facilitating aeration, and penetration of water, in tropical soils.Application of dieldrin emulsion, at a dose equivalent to 1 lb. a.i. divided among the planting holes for one acre (1,225), during planting of one-year-old, root-pruned seedlings of Eucalyptus camalduensis, resulted in a mean survival after 2½ years of 60 per cent. of the young trees, as compared with 17 per cent. in untreated controls. Pot-grown seedlings of Eucalyptus spp. were similarly treated at 8 oz. a.i. dieldrin per 700 pots prior to setting out in the field, when they showed very low mortality due to termites over the next 1½ years, attack only occurring where too short a pot allowed access by Macrotermes natalensis (Hav.) to the tap root. Four hundred pot-grown cacao seedlings similarly treated with 4 oz. a.i. dieldrin showed only four deaths due to termites one year after planting out. Pre-treatment of potting soil for Eucalyptus seedlings at 5–10 oz. of 2 per cent, dieldrin dust per cubic yard (sufficient for 500 pots) has given promising preliminary results.Colonies of M. natalensis, which constructs large mounds, were successfully poisoned with 2½ fl. oz. of aldrin 40 per cent, emulsifiable concentrate in six gallons of water applied through three auger holes made into the central ‘ hive ’, containing the queen cell and associated chambers. It is considered that this dose could safely be reduced.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed pre treatment on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Papaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071
Author(s):  
Gangaram Rana ◽  
Prahlad Deb ◽  
Buddhisatya Dowarah ◽  
Kanne Sushmitha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pre Treatment
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