Methodological principles of systematics of recreational goods

The article presents an overview of modern directions and approaches to systematics of recreational resources (goods). The purpose of our study is to develop methodological principles of systematics of recreational goods, taking into account their subject specificity and modern research approaches to the systematics of natural, historical, cultural and socio-economic conditions and resources. The article has been used development by domestic and foreign scientists, as well as preliminary author’s studies. Working-out of a scheme of recreational goods systematics took place on the basis of a dialectical approach, which requires all phenomena and processes in their development, interconnection, and interdependence. The article presents an overview of modern directions and approaches to the systematics of recreational goods and provides a general methodological scheme of systematics of recreational goods. The proposed scheme includes the division of recreational goods to natural, cultural and historical and socio-economic, as well as directions of use by recreational goods – public, collective and personality. The intersections of these categories are marked by the main methodological approaches to the evaluation of recreational conditions and recreational resources. For each direction of the classification and systematics of recreational goods, it is necessary to develop methodological principles and methodological means of inventory and assessing the corresponding combination of recreational conditions and resourceswith forms of use by recreation goods. Such justification also requires enclosed blocks of recreational conditions and resources and social varieties of use. Recreational conditions and resources of public usage are available for all users without restrictions of property rights; they are considered as global civilization goods as the “property” of the world community; they do not have the content of the goods and do not form appropriate market relations, as a rule, a global or regional spatial scale. Recreational conditions and resources of collective usage form natural and geographical objects and phenomena with different forms of ownership (state, corporate) and collective (group) use. They can be shared by common goods, do not have a form of commodity and not take part in market commodity- money circulation. Recreational conditions and resources of individual usage are private or group property of vacationers. They remain outside the economic assessment, but can also form their market environments with competitive relations and be objects of commodity-money circulation.

Practicing Anthropology in Greece: Knowledge, Skills and Rights in the Labour Market

In this paper we explore which kind of knowledge and skills developed by anthropology students through higher education are applied in the Greek labour market and how they are received by different professional sectors, such as central and local administration, private companies or NGOs. We also examine how professional rights of social anthropologists are being established, creating academic qualifications, lobbies and competitive relations among anthropology and other relevant disciplines. Furthermore, we illustrate the birth and establishment of practicing anthropology in Greece as it is being practiced in civil society institutions, local and international governmental and non-governmental organizations, especially since a proportionally big number of anthropologists are being employed in this field due to the recent European refugee crisis and the state of emergency that it brought to Greece and Europe. Through our analysis we wish to show that during the last three decades anthropology is gradually becoming socially and politically relevant in Greece. This process has started with the integration of the country in the core of European Union institutions and through the coexistence with diverse populations of migrant origins. The popularity of anthropology has been accelerated by the economic and refugee crisis of the last decade that multiplied the numbers of anthropologists working in the humanitarian sector. The discipline seems thus to come of age, with academic teaching and practicing anthropology being increasingly intertwined.

Competitiveness as the Basis of EU Regional Policy: Smart Specialization and Sustainability

Nowadays in the globalization era countries are forced to pay considerable attention to the integration aspects of development, regionalization processes ensuring their own competitiveness in order to enhance the competitive position in the market, which increases the scientific interest in the study of these issues. The purpose of the article is to consider competitiveness as the basis of EU regional policy and to determine the possibilities of applying such experience in Ukraine. A number of scientific research methods have been used: the method of deduction and induction, analysis, synthesis and comparison, a graphic method. Globalization contributes to the creation of new conditions of the world economic development, which forces economic actors to reconsider their role in the economy. Competitiveness provides them with a reliable competitive positions today and in the future. The high competitiveness of the region testifies to the effective organization and optimization of economic processes. EU regional policy takes into account that the competitiveness of the region is formed in the conditions of competitive relations at the national and international levels. The EU regional policy experience can be implemented in the Ukrainian regional policy. The competitiveness of the region allows to respond in time to market changes. EU regional policy takes this into account, so the category of regional competitiveness is paid much attention on as confirmed by the RCI calculation. The possibilities of increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of regions through the development of smart specialization and implementation of smart projects are outlined. The advantages of implementing European experience in the development of competitiveness of regions on the basis of smart specialization in Ukraine are proved.

Competitive market space in the context of the need to increase the competitiveness of the Russian economic system

The article considers the conceptual framework of the content essence of competition, the conditions for the formation of approaches for high competitiveness of business entities as the main element of the functioning of the market economy. The article analyzes the current state of the competitive market space in Russia. A comparative assessment of the state of the Russian competitive environment in 2016 and 2020 is carried out in the context of: determining the areas with the highest (and lowest) degree of influence on the competitive market, guidelines for strengthening competitive positions, positive effects of competition for business entities, etc. The key directions of increasing the competitiveness of business entities are formulated. An up-to-date set of methods for assessing competitiveness is presented. The advantages of healthy competition in the system of market relations for the growth of the welfare of economic entities, the economic development of the country and, accordingly, the improvement of the standard of living of the population are determined. In Russia, at present, the development and implementation of state programs for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the regions is insufficient for the formation of an effective competitive market environment for the economy in the regions. While the development of healthy competitive relations allows the most effective impact on market mechanisms in the regions, and also contributes to the sustainable development of socio-economic, technical areas of the economy. And the key task of the state in this case is to provide opportunities for realizing the competitive potential of the region, that is, its readiness for effective competition and sustainable functioning of a certain competitive market environment. The formation of such an environment ensures the effectiveness of interregional and international relations of the region, which leads to positive effects in the socio-economic development of the state as a whole.

On Some Issues of Legal Regulation of the Pharmaceutical Retail Market: the Concept of “Pharmacy Chains”, Special Antitrust Laws and Control Mechanisms

Competition in the pharmaceutical market is a necessary factor providing an opportunity for citizens to purchase quality goods at affordable prices. Regulation of competitive relations in the market in question can and should have its own characteristics. Opposing monopolization of the retail market by pharmacy chains, setting “reasonable” prices, providing preferential treatment for Russian manufacturers in the promotion of goods are the issues that the legislator should pay attention to when improving regulation of this industry product market.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES AS THE MAIN FACTOR OF REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

This article discusses the competition as the engine of economic development and, consequently, has an impact on all subjects of economic activities. In the modern science, regions are also considered as the participants in the competitive relations. Improving their competitiveness requires the development of the effective regional projects and programmes, based on successful monitoring and evaluation tools. Human resource management for the development of the regions and their competitive advantages is the strategic task of the regional policy. The role of the human resources in the process of forming the region’s competitiveness is quite high. In the modern post-industrial economy, the main criterion for the region’s competitiveness is the human resources as the key to the development of each territory. Analyzing the competitiveness of the territory, the assessment of the human resources is quite necessary component. At the same time, it is quite difficult to objectively assess the human resources, which are the main factor of the regional competitiveness is relevant. The purpose of the research is the comprehensive study of the modern approaches to the assessment of the human resources as the main factor of the regional competitiveness and the development of effective diagnostic tools in this direction.

Formation of the Enterprise Strategy based on the Industry Life Cycle

The article considered the process of forming an enterprise strategy in the following stages: analysis of the external and internal environment of an enterprise, formation of a system of enterprise goals, assessment of alternative development strategies and the choice of one of them, implementation of the chosen strategy, and adjustment of the strategy. It is proposed to analyze the external environment in accordance with the concept of the industry life cycle. The concept of the life cycle of the industry, in particular the main stages of development of the industry and the criteria that are the basis for their identification, has been investigated. It is proposed to use the scientific developments of Porter and use the following characteristics as criteria: behavior of buyers of products (services), changes in goods, the nature of competitive relations in the market, profits of enterprises in the industry and marketing activities. Accordingly, it is proposed to highlight the stages of the industry development: implementation, growth, maturity, decline. Alternative strategies of enterprise development at various stages of the industry life cycle are considered: the strategy for realizing the advantages of the pioneer, the strategy of change response, the strategy of change management, the strategy of stabilization, the strategy of reduction, the strategy for finding segments of steady demand, as well as the strategy of the "last time". The main characteristics of these strategies are studied. The analysis of the life cycle of the agricultural industry in Ukraine has been carried out and it has been established that according to most of the characteristics it is at the stage of maturity. The industry has established relationships between producers and business consumers, enterprises receive average profits and specialize in the production of certain types of agricultural products of sufficiently high quality, and there are processes of gradual ousting of competitors from the market. It is proposed to agricultural enterprises as a possible strategy to implement a stabilization strategy that best suits the conditions of the external environment.

Evolution of institutional forms of competitive relations: from the first to the fourth industrial revolution

The active introduction of information and communication technologies has significantly accelerated the transformation of institutional forms, and methods and mechanisms of competition. Network structures of information platforms (IP) have replaced the value chains. In these conditions, the study of development patterns of the institutional principles of successful competition becomes especially relevant. The methodological basis of the study is based on the use of tools of dialectical, historical-genetic, structural, and complementary qualitative analysis. The evolution of key institutional forms of competition in the process of transition from the First to the Fourth Industrial Revolutions is studied. The peculiarities of the role and place of IP as a universal institution and business model that receives competitive advantages in the conditions of active dissemination of digital technologies are revealed. The structure, the main sections of classification and directions of IP activities are presented. The author reveals the connection of the mechanisms for ensuring the IP competitiveness with their complementarity to the conditions of digitalization. The complementary place in the environment of the competitive interaction of IP as a network institutional form of the epoch of informatization is substantiated. It displaces in competitive markets hierarchical structures that were complementary to the needs of the industrial economy era. It is shown that the introduction of IP as the leading institutional structure of the information economy causes radical changes in the directions, the mechanism of competition and the competition policy of the state.