HLA-A, -B and -Cw alleles in an African American population from the USA

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1193
Author(s):  
K. Cao ◽  
J.A. Hollenbach ◽  
X.J. Shi ◽  
W.X. Shi ◽  
M. Chopek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
American Population ◽  
African American Population ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals 445. Correlative Factors for State to State Differences in the Prevalence and Case Fatality Rates of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Infections in the United States of America

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S290-S291
Author(s):  
Amanda J Kamar ◽  
Meghana Doniparthi ◽  
Nhan Nhan ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
James A Colton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
American Population ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
African American Population ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Individual States of the USA have ethnic, economic, community health and education differences that influence the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. We hypothesized that Statewide differences in the prevalence and fatality rates of COVID-19 infections are dependent on factors that may be determined by mathematical modeling. Methods Two separate statistical regression models were developed using COVID-19 case prevalence and case fatality rates functioning as dependent variables. We obtained data from the prevalence and deaths from COVID-19 cases for each state in the USA that was posted at 4 PM Central Standard Time on April 29, 2020 from the Worldometer website. Publicly available databases were utilized to obtain data for the independent variables in the model. Results Models are represented as follows: Statewide COVID-19 Prevalence Model Log (Statewide COVID_19 case prevalence) = 1.847* (100–250 individuals/mile2) +3.0025*(250+ individuals/mile2) + 1.021* (% African American population) +1.029* (% Hispanic American population +2.164 *(% adults aged 85+) Model results are shown in Table 1. Statewide COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate Model Log (Statewide COVID_19 case fatality rate) =2.194* (100–250 individuals/mile2) +2.758* (250+ individuals/mile2) +1.031* (% African American population) + 1.032* (% Hispanic American population) + 0.942 (% Native American population)+ 1.108 (% Asian American population) + 2.275 (% adults aged 85+) Model results are shown in Table 2. Table 1: COVID-19 Statewide Prevalence Model Table 2: COVID-19 Statewide Case Fatality Model Conclusion Higher State population density (See Figure 1 and Figure 2) and higher State populations of elderly persons correspond to increased prevalence and case-fatality rates of COVID-19 infections. Statewide data also shows health disparities for COVID-19 infections in Hispanic Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans. Paradoxically, States with larger populations of Native Americans who have known poor outcomes from COVID-19 infection demonstrate a decrease in case-fatality rates, suggesting a large effect of healthcare inequality in this population. Figure 1: ANOVA one-way analysis of the association between COVID-19 prevalence and population density Figure 2: ANOVA one-way analysis of the association between COVID-19 death prevalence and population density Disclosures Eli D. Ehrenpreis, MD, FACG, AGAF, E2Bio Consultants (Board Member, Chief Executive Officer)E2Bio Life Sciences (Shareholder, Chief Executive Officer)Level Ex, Inc. (Consultant)

Emancipation and Free African Americans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Archer
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
New England ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
African Descent ◽  
American Population ◽  
African American Population ◽  
Free African Americans

Except in parts of Rhode Island and Connecticut, slavery was a peripheral institution, and throughout New England during and after the Revolution there was widespread support to emancipate slaves. Some of the states enacted emancipation laws that theoretically allowed slavery to continue almost indefinitely, and slavery remained on the books as late as 1857 in New Hampshire. Although the laws gradually abolished slavery and although the pace was painfully slow for those still enslaved, the predominant dynamic for New England society was the sudden emergence of a substantial, free African American population. What developed was an even more virulent racism and a Jim Crow environment. The last part of the chapter is an analysis of where African Americans lived as of 1830 and the connection between racism and concentrations of people of African descent.

scholarly journals Resting Heart Rate and Long-term Outcomes Among the African American Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishan S. Parikh ◽  
Melissa A. Greiner ◽  
Takeki Suzuki ◽  
Adam D. DeVore ◽  
Chad Blackshear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
African American ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
American Population ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
African American Population

Consequences of a match made in hell: the harm caused by menthol smoking to the African American population over 1980–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056748 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mendez ◽  
Thuy T T Le
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
African American Community ◽  
American Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
African American Population ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Life Years

BackgroundFor many years, national surveys have shown a consistently disproportionately high prevalence of menthol smokers among African Americans compared with the general population. However, to our knowledge, no prior study has quantified the harm that menthol smoking has caused on that population. In this work, we estimate the public health harm that menthol cigarettes have caused to the African American community over the last four decades.MethodsUsing National Health Interview Survey data, we employed a well-established simulation model to reproduce the observed smoking trajectory over 1980–2018 in the African American population. Then, we repeat the experiment, removing the effects of menthol on the smoking initiation and cessation rates over that period, obtaining a new hypothetical smoking trajectory. Finally, we compared both scenarios to calculate the public health harm attributable to menthol cigarettes over 1980–2018.ResultsOur results show that menthol cigarettes were responsible for 1.5 million new smokers, 157 000 smoking-related premature deaths and 1.5 million life-years lost among African Americans over 1980–2018. While African Americans constitute 12% of the total US population, these figures represent, respectively, a staggering 15%, 41% and 50% of the total menthol-related harm.DiscussionOur results show that menthol cigarettes disproportionally harmed African Americans significantly over the last 38 years and are responsible for exacerbating health disparities among that population. Removing menthol cigarettes from the market would benefit the overall US population but, particularly, the African American community.

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