scholarly journals Causative factors and phenomenology of depression in EPILEPSY—A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 070-078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Saha ◽  
Satyakam Mohapatra ◽  
Sujit Kar ◽  
Bheemsain Tekkalaki ◽  
K. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Work Absenteeism ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
The One ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

AbstractIt is a known fact that depression is the one of the leading causes of years lived with disability and the fourth leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years worldwide. Depression is often under-recognized among patients of epilepsy due to lack of awareness of depressive symptoms. Due to improper management of depression in epileptic patients, it can interfere with treatment outcomes and hence can impair the quality of life. Undermanaged depression in epilepsy is generally associated with work absenteeism and direct medical costs. Electronic JR_liographic databases like PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the format “(depression, epilepsy and symptoms)”. Cross-linked searches were made taking the lead from key articles. Recent articles and those exploring the etiological factors & symptomatic presentation of depression were focused upon. The main purpose of this review was to study the causative association between epilepsy and depression and to discuss the varied symptomatic presentation.

scholarly journals Estimating Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Community Cases of Norovirus in England

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
John P Harris ◽  
Miren Iturriza-Gomara ◽  
Sarah J O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) have been used since the 1990s. It is a composite measure of years of life lost with years lived with disability. Essentially, one DALY is the equivalent of a year of healthy life lost if a person had not experienced disease. Norovirus is the most common cause of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Norovirus activity varies from one season to the next for reasons not fully explained. Infection with norovirus is generally not severe, and is normally characterized as mild and self-limiting with no long-term sequelae. In this study, we model a range of estimates of DALYs for community cases of norovirus in England and Wales. We estimated a range of DALYs for norovirus to account for mixing of the severity of disease and the range of length of illness experienced by infected people. Our estimates were between 1159 and 4283 DALYs per year, or 0.3–1.2 years of healthy life lost per thousand cases of norovirus. These estimates provide evidence that norovirus leads to a considerable level of ill health in England and Wales. This information will be helpful should candidate norovirus vaccines become available in the future.

Global burden of diabetes and depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Licinio ◽  
Andreas L. Birkenfeld ◽  
Stefan R. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Premature Death ◽  
First Century ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Specific Country

Diabetes and depression are two of the major global health concerns in the twenty-first century. One way of measuring the global impact of these illnesses are the disability-adjusted life-years or DALYs. The calculation takes into account the average life expectancy of a specific country, the years lost by premature death, and the years lived with disability/disease. Furthermore, ongoing research has shown that interactions exist between depression and diabetes. Diabetes and other chronic diseases can lead to depression, while depression can increase the risk for developing diabetes or worsen the course of diabetes. In this book, the current understanding of the interactions between depression and diabetes will be discussed, highlighting various pathways in which these morbidities are linked. In addition, the authors give outlooks on how diabetes and depression might be treated in the future.

scholarly journals The burden of atherosclerosis in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Costa ◽  
Joana Alarcão ◽  
Francisco Araujo ◽  
Raquel Ascenção ◽  
Daniel Caldeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Abstract Aims This article sought to estimate the burden of disease attributable to atherosclerosis in mainland Portugal in 2016. Methods and results The burden of atherosclerosis was measured in disability-adjusted life years following the latest 2010 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology. Disability-adjusted life years were estimated as the sum of years of life lost (YLL) with years lived with disability (YLD). The following clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were included: ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (including acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and ischaemic heart failure), ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Years of life lost were estimated based on all-cause mortality data for the Portuguese population and mortality due to IHD, ICVD, and PAD for the year 2016 sourced from national statistics. Standard life expectancy was sourced from the GBD study. Years lived with disability corresponded to the product of the number of prevalent cases by an average disability weight for all possible combinations of disease. Prevalence data for the different clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were sourced from epidemiological studies. Disability weights were sourced from the published literature. In 2016, 15 123 deaths were attributable to atherosclerosis, which corresponded to 14.3% of overall mortality in mainland Portugal. Disability-adjusted life years totalled 260 943, 75% due to premature death (196 438 YLL) and 25% due to disability (64 505 YLD). Conclusion Atherosclerosis entails a high disease burden to society. A large part of this burden would be avoidable if evidence-based effective and cost-effective interventions targeting known risk factors, from prevention to treatment, were implemented.

scholarly journals Diabetes burden in Brazil: fraction attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa Sorio Flor ◽  
Monica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Andreia Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Joyce Mendes de Andrade Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

OBJECTIVE To estimate the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its percentage attributable to overweight and obesity in Brazil.METHODS The burden of diabetes mellitus was described in terms of disability-adjusted life years, which is the sum of two components: years of life lost and years lived with disability. To calculate the fraction of diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight, we used the prevalence of these risk factors according to sex and age groups (> 20 years) obtained from the 2008 Pesquisa Dimensões Sociais das Desigualdades (Social Dimensions of Inequality Survey) and the relative risks derived from the international literature.RESULTS Diabetes mellitus accounted for 5.4% of Brazilian disability-adjusted life years in 2008, with the largest fraction attributed to the morbidity component (years lived with disability). Women exhibited higher values for disability-adjusted life years. In Brazil, 49.2%, 58.3%, and 70.6% of diabetes mellitus in women was attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight, respectively. Among men, these percentages were 40.5%, 45.4%, and 60.3%, respectively. Differences were observed with respect to Brazilian regions and age groups.CONCLUSIONS A large fraction of diabetes mellitus was attributable to preventable individual risk factors and, in about six years, the contribution of these factors significant increased, particularly among men. Policies aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle habits, such as a balanced diet and physical activity, can have a significant impact on reducing the burden of diabetes mellitus in Brazil.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of current and optimal treatment for schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Kristy Sanderson ◽  
Justine Corry ◽  
Cathy Issakidis ◽  
Helen Lapsley
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Life Years Lost ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Similar Cost

BackgroundThis paper is part of a project to identify the proportion of the burden of each mental disorder averted by current and optimal interventions, and the cost-effectiveness of both.AimsTo use epidemiological data on schizophrenia to model the cost-effectiveness of current and optimal treatment.MethodCalculate the burden of schizophrenia in the years lived with disability (YLD) component of disability-adjusted life-years lost, the proportion averted by current interventions, the proportion that could be averted by optimal treatment and the cost-effectiveness of both.ResultsCurrent interventions avert some 13% of the burden, whereas 22% could be averted by optimal treatment. Current interventions cost about AUS$200 000 per YLD averted, whereas optimal treatment at a similar cost could increase the number of YLDs averted by two-thirds. Even so, the majority of the burden of schizophrenia remains unavertable.ConclusionsOptimal treatment is affordable within the present budget and should be implemented.

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