Long-term air pollution, noise, and structural measures of the Default Mode Network in the brain: Results from the 1000BRAINS cohort

Research Highlights[1] Children develop the ability to report that they do not know something at around five years of age.[2] Children who could correctly report their own ignorance in a partial-knowledge task showed thicker cortices within medial orbitofrontal cortex.[3] This region was functionally connected to parts of the default-mode network.[4] The default-mode network might support the development of correct metacognitive monitoring.AbstractMetacognition plays a pivotal role in human development. The ability to realize that we do not know something, or meta-ignorance, emerges after approximately five years of age. We aimed at identifying the brain systems that underlie the developmental emergence of this ability in a preschool sample.Twenty-four children aged between five and six years answered questions under three conditions of a meta-ignorance task twice. In the critical partial knowledge condition, an experimenter first showed two toys to a child, then announced that she would place one of them in a box behind a screen, out of sight from the child. The experimenter then asked the child whether or not she knew which toy was in the box.Children who answered correctly both times to the metacognitive question in the partial knowledge condition (n=9) showed greater cortical thickness in a cluster within left medial orbitofrontal cortex than children who did not (n=15). Further, seed-based functional connectivity analyses of the brain during resting state revealed that this region is functionally connected to the medial orbitofrontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, and mid- and inferior temporal gyri.This finding suggests that the default mode network, critically through its prefrontal regions, supports introspective processing. It leads to the emergence of metacognitive monitoring allowing children to explicitly report their own ignorance.

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Assessment of Graph Metrics and Lateralization of Brain Connectivity in Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Using fMRI

International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence ◽

10.4018/ijssci.2017100104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 46-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bhuvaneshwari Bhaskaran ◽

Kavitha Anandan

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Brain Connectivity ◽

Brain Network ◽

Brain Disorder ◽

Default Mode ◽

Graph Metrics ◽

Functional Topology ◽

The Brain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder which has a long preclinical phase. The beta-amyloid plaques and tangles in the brain are considered as the main pathological causes. Functional connectivity is typically examined in capturing brain network dynamics in AD. A definitive underconnectivity is observed in patients through the progressive stages of AD. Graph theoretic modeling approaches have been effective in understanding the brain dynamics. In this article, the brain connectivity patterns and the functional topology through the progression of Alzheimer's disease are analysed using resting state fMRI. The altered network topology is analysed by graphed theoretical measures and explains cognitive deficits caused by the progression of this disease. Results show that the functional topology is disrupted in the default mode network regions as the disease progresses in patients. Further, it is observed that there is a lack of left lateralization involving default mode network regions as the severity in AD increases.

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Multimodal Imaging of Alzheimer Pathophysiology in the Brain's Default Mode Network

International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.4061/2011/687945 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jonghan Shin ◽

Vladimir Kepe ◽

Gary W. Small ◽

Michael E. Phelps ◽

Jorge R. Barrio

Keyword(s):

Default Mode Network ◽

Multimodal Imaging ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Default Network ◽

Spatial Correlations ◽

Tau Pathology ◽

Significant Discrepancy ◽

Default Mode ◽

The Brain

The spatial correlations between the brain's default mode network (DMN) and the brain regions known to develop pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we compare results of different functional and structural imaging modalities, including MRI and PET, and highlight different patterns of anomalies observed within the DMN. Multitracer PET imaging in subjects with and without dementia has demonstrated that [C-11]PIB- and [F-18]FDDNP-binding patterns in patients with AD overlap within nodes of the brain's default network including the prefrontal, lateral parietal, lateral temporal, and posterior cingulate cortices, with the exception of the medial temporal cortex (especially, the hippocampus) where significant discrepancy between increased [F-18]FDDNP binding and negligible [C-11]PIB-binding was observed. [F-18]FDDNP binding in the medial temporal cortex—a key constituent of the DMN—coincides with both the presence of amyloid and tau pathology, and also with cortical areas with maximal atrophy as demonstrated by T1-weighted MR imaging of AD patients.

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Beyond Feeling: Chronic Pain Hurts the Brain, Disrupting the Default-Mode Network Dynamics

Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1523/jneurosci.4123-07.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1398-1403 ◽

Cited By ~ 479

Author(s):

M. N. Baliki ◽

P. Y. Geha ◽

A. V. Apkarian ◽

D. R. Chialvo

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Network Dynamics ◽

Default Mode ◽

The Brain

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Brains striving for coherence: Long-term cumulative plot formation in the default mode network

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 106-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

K. Tylén ◽

P. Christensen ◽

A. Roepstorff ◽

T. Lund ◽

S. Østergaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Default Mode Network ◽

Default Mode

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Long-term meditation training induced changes in the operational synchrony of default mode network modules during a resting state

Cognitive Processing ◽

10.1007/s10339-015-0743-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 27-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Andrew A. Fingelkurts ◽

Alexander A. Fingelkurts ◽

Tarja Kallio-Tamminen

Keyword(s):

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Default Mode ◽

Network Modules ◽

Induced Changes

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The Default Mode Network In Patient with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): A Resting State fMRI Study

Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine ◽

10.37231/ajmb.2020.4.1.326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Shuhada J.M ◽

Husbani M.A.R ◽

A I A Hamid ◽

Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Default Mode ◽

Parietal Lobes ◽

The Brain

The default mode network (DMN) is involved in conscious, resting state cognition and is thought to be affected in TLE where seizures cause impairment of consciousness. The study aimed to evaluate the brain activation of the DMN regions in both temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and healthy subjects by using resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) technique. A same number of fourteen participants with age and gender matched for the healthy subjects and TLE patients were selected with the average age is 36.9 and 37.0 years old, respectively. The rsfMRI imaging protocol was executed using a 3-T Phillips Achieva MRI scanner at the Radiology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). For healthy subjects, the brain activation cluster in bilateral superior parietal lobes (SPL),precuneus (PRE), supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and inferior parietal lobes (IPL) were found higher than TLE patients. While for TLE patients displays higher activation clusters in bilateral MFG, STG, and ANG. The result from random effects (RFX) on two-sample t-tests thresholded at p = 0.001 revealed that the TLE patients display significantly higher activations on the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left SMG, left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and right IPL. However for the core-region of DMN such as bilateral precuneus, left MFG, bilateral STG and bilateral IPL were significantly activated but the number of voxels survives are substantially smaller than other regions such as bilateral SFG. The findings suggested that TLE patients may suffer from an impairment in some DMN region, which may cause certain neuropsychological and cognitive degradation. Keywords: resting-state fMRI, temporal lobe epilepsy, brain activation, two-sample t-tests

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Internal Orientation in Aesthetic Experience

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Oshin Vartanian

Keyword(s):

Default Mode Network ◽

Aesthetic Experience ◽

The Other ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Aesthetic Experiences ◽

Considerable Evidence ◽

Default Mode ◽

Feeling States ◽

The Brain

There is considerable evidence to suggest that aesthetic experiences engage a distributed set of structures in the brain, and likely emerge from the interactions of multiple neural systems. In addition, aside from an external (i.e., object-focused) orientation, aesthetic experiences also involve an internal (i.e., person-focused) orientation. This internal orientation appears to have two dissociable neural components: one component involves the processing of visceral feeling states (i.e., interoception) and primarily engages the insula, whereas the other involves the processing of self-referential, autobiographical, and narrative information, and is represented by activation in the default mode network. Evidence supporting this neural dissociation has provided insights into processes that can lead to deep and moving aesthetic experiences.

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