Analysis of the impact of gasoline, biogas and biogas + hydrogen fuels on emissions and vehicle performance in the WLTC and NEDC

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (59) ◽  
pp. 31621-31632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Karagöz
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrogen Fuels

A Sub-System Test Methodology for Simulating EEVC Side Impact

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnakanth Aekbote ◽  
Srinivasan Sundararajan ◽  
Joseph A. Prater ◽  
Joe E. Abramczyk
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Supporting Frame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

Abstract A sled based test method for simulating full-scale EEVC (European) side impact crash test is described in this paper. Both the dummy (Eurosid-1) and vehicle structural responses were simulated, and validated with the full-scale crash tests. The effect of various structural configurations such as foam filled structures, material changes, rocker and b-pillar reinforcements, advanced door design concepts, on vehicle performance can be evaluated using this methodology at the early stages of design. In this approach, an actual EEVC honeycomb barrier and a vehicle body-in-white with doors were used. The under-hood components (engine, transmission, radiator, etc.), tires, and the front/rear suspensions were not included in the vehicle assembly, but they were replaced by lumped masses (by adding weight) in the front and rear of the vehicle, to maintain the overall vehicle weight. The vehicle was mounted on the sled by means of a supporting frame at the front/rear suspension attachments, and was allowed to translate in the impact direction only. At the start of the simulation, an instrumented Eurosid-1 dummy was seated inside the vehicle, while maintaining the same h-point location, chest angle, and door-to-dummy lateral distance, as in a full-scale crash test. The EEVC honeycomb barrier was mounted on another sled, and care was taken to ensure that weight, and the relative impact location to the vehicle, was maintained the same as in full-scale crash test. The Barrier impacted the stationary vehicle at an initial velocity of approx. 30 mph. The MDB and the vehicle were allowed to slide for about 20 inches from contact, before they were brought to rest. Accelerometers were mounted on the door inner sheet metal and b-pillar, rocker, seat cross-members, seats, and non-struck side rocker. The Barrier was instrumented with six load cells to monitor the impact force at different sections, and an accelerometer for deceleration measurement. The dummy, vehicle, and the Barrier responses showed good correlation when compared to full-scale crash tests. The test methodology was also used in assessing the performance/crashworthiness of various sub-system designs of the side structure (A-pillar, B-pillar, door, rocker, seat cross-members, etc.) of a passenger car. This paper concerns itself with the development and validation of the test methodology only, as the study of various side structure designs and evaluations are beyond the scope of this paper.

scholarly journals Air Filter and Selected Vehicle Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9326
Author(s):  
František Synák ◽  
Alica Kalašová ◽  
Ján Synák
Keyword(s):  
Driving Safety ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
The Impact

While a vehicle is driving, the air filter is gradually being clogged. Thus, there is a condition for air mass delivered into the engine’s cylinders to be reduced. It can further degrade the vehicle’s ability to accelerate and, therefore, have an impact on road driving safety, or it can eventually make a vehicle performance worse or cause a change in the exhaust gas composition. The article pays attention to the impact of clogged air filter on selected vehicle characteristics including a vehicle’s dynamic features, fuel consumption and composition of the exhaust gases. The measurements have been performed under laboratory conditions. For higher result objectivity, the measurements have been done under some extreme conditions as well, with both the air filter fully clogged and forced air induction. The importance of the article lies in quantification of the impact of clogged air filter on selected vehicle features. The results from this article show a relatively low impact of air filter on the features studied. The biggest differences were measured under extreme conditions when the air filter had been almost fully clogged, or the air had been delivered into the engine under pressure.

Handling and Primary Ride Comfort Development in Early Design Stage by Means of 1D Modeling Approach and Multi Attribute Optimization Process

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Alneri ◽  
Paolo di Carlo ◽  
Alessandro Toso ◽  
Stijn Donders
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
The Impact

Today the automotive market is ever more competitive and vehicles must satisfy the requirements of the customers in all respects: handling, comfort, acoustics, fuel economy, etc. Therefore OEMs have to launch innovative products in a short development timeline: the time to market (TTM) of new vehicles has continually decreased and nowadays the developing process of a new car is completed in less years than in the past. This scenario emphasizes the role of CAE in the vehicle design engineering design and the necessity of exploiting its potentialities, in order to shorten the TTM and to reduce the impact of experimental tests on it. In this context a step-by-step approach with multi-physics 1D environment such as LMS Imagine. Lab AMESim is proposed in order to monitor vehicle performances in all the design stages, thanks to the employment of models with increasing complexity. In addition the ultimate step can be employed for performing a multi attribute optimization on vehicle performance metrics in order to find the best attributes balancing and to pass the preliminary recommendations to the design with a considerable time-saving respect to 3D MBS models. This paper briefly describes the process for building 1D models with LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim and moreover it shows the definition of a multi attribute optimization algorithm in terms of handling performances with the most complex model.

Improving winter traction for vehicles in northern operations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Shoop ◽  
Clifford Witte ◽  
Sebastian Karwaczynski ◽  
Clifton Ellis ◽  
Eoghan Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States Army ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
The Impact

As part of the campaign to increase readiness in northern regions, a near commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solution was identified for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV); and used to assess the suitability of commercially available winter tires for operational deployment. Initial performance evaluations conducted during the winters of 2020 and 2021 demonstrated and quantified significant improvements to traction and handling on a variety of winter surfaces. User feedback from United States Army Alaska (USARAK) Soldiers confirmed these results in an operational environment. Results of this study provide new winter tire specifications for the Army and justify the procurement of a HMMWV winter tire for improved safety and capability for US Soldier and vehicle fleet needs. The data and Soldier evaluations support attaining a National Stock Number (NSN) and provide data to develop models of winter vehicle performance that include the impact of winter tires and chains. This work also paves the way for future development and procurement of winter tires for vehicles where COTS solutions are unavailable. The motivation is to provide Soldiers with state-of-the-art winter tires to increase safety, capability, and operational compatibility with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) partners in the European Theater of Operations, and mobility superiority in all environments.

The Influence of Transmission Ratios Selection on Electric Vehicle Motor Performance

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. X. Zhou ◽  
P. D. Walker ◽  
N. Zhang ◽  
B. Zhu ◽  
F. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
The Impact

Increasingly electric vehicle design is looking forward the application of multiple ratio transmissions in place of traditional single ratio gearboxes. The choice of gear ratio has significant influence on vehicle performance, including range, acceleration, and gradeability. To study the impact of different transmissions on EV’s dynamic and economic performance, mathematical models of an EV is presented which is applicable to both single and multiple ratio transmissions. These transmission variants are then studied under different operating conditions to investigate how operating conditions in the motor work efficiency change with different transmissions. Here comparisons are made between 2-speed and single speed transmission. Then the reasons for the results are analysed.

scholarly journals Estimating Bounds of Aerodynamic, Mass, and Auxiliary Load Impacts on Autonomous Vehicles: A Powertrain Simulation Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12405
Author(s):  
Yuche Chen ◽  
Ruixiao Sun ◽  
Xuanke Wu
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
The Impact

Vehicle automation requires new onboard sensors, communication equipment, and/or data processing units, and may encourage modifications to existing onboard components (such as the steering wheel). These changes impact the vehicle’s mass, auxiliary load, coefficient of drag, and frontal area, which then change vehicle performance. This paper uses the powertrain simulation model FASTSim to quantify the impact of autonomy-related design changes on a vehicle’s fuel consumption. Levels 0, 2, and 5 autonomous vehicles are modeled for two battery-electric vehicles (2017 Chevrolet Bolt and 2017 Nissan Leaf) and a gasoline powered vehicle (2017 Toyota Corolla). Additionally, a level 5 vehicle is divided into pessimistic and optimistic scenarios which assume different electronic equipment integration format. The results show that 4–8% reductions in energy economy can be achieved in a L5 optimistic scenario and an 10–15% increase in energy economy will be the result in a L5 pessimistic scenario. When looking at impacts on different power demand sources, inertial power is the major power demand in urban driving conditions and aerodynamic power demand is the major demand in highway driving conditions.

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