scholarly journals Multidrug resistant and sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Establishing clonal relationship by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and in vitro antibiotic synergy testing by E test

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e41-e42
Author(s):  
S.F.A. Mohd Nawi ◽  
R. Karunakaran ◽  
K.-L. Thong ◽  
M.Y. Yusof ◽  
J. Vadivelu
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Relationship ◽  
Synergy Testing

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa May Accumulate Drug Resistance Mechanisms without Losing Its Ability To Cause Bloodstream Infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 3531-3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Hocquet ◽  
Philippe Berthelot ◽  
Micheline Roussel-Delvallez ◽  
Roger Favre ◽  
Katy Jeannot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT In this study, we systematically investigated the resistance mechanisms to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones of 120 bacteremic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping showed that 97 of these strains were represented by a single isolate, 10 by 2 and 1 by 3 clonally related isolates, respectively. Seventy-five percent (90 out of 120) of the bacteremic P. aeruginosa strains displayed a significant resistance to one or more of the tested antimicrobials (up to 11 for 1 strain). These strains were found to harbor a great diversity of resistance mechanisms (up to 7 in 1 strain), leading to various levels of drug resistance. Interestingly, 11 and 36% of the isolates appeared to overproduce the MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM efflux systems, respectively. Altogether, our results show that P. aeruginosa may accumulate intrinsic (overproduction of cephalosporinase AmpC, increased drug efflux, fluoroquinolone target mutations, and deficient production of porin OprD) and exogenous (production of secondary β-lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes) resistance mechanisms without losing its ability to generate severe bloodstream infections. Consequently, clinicians should be aware that multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa may remain fully pathogenic.

scholarly journals Emergence of Multidrug Resistance in Ubiquitous and Dominant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serogroup O:11

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayotis T. Tassios ◽  
Vassiliki Gennimata ◽  
Anthony N. Maniatis ◽  
Caroline Fock ◽  
Nicholas J. Legakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Greek Hospitals ◽  
O 11

The serotypes of 88 nonreplicate nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from 11 Greek hospitals were studied in relation to their antibiotic susceptibilities. Rates of resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones ranged from 31 to 65%, except for those to ceftazidime (15%) and imipenem (21%). Four serotypes were dominant: O:12 (25% of isolates), O:1 (17%), O:11 (16%), and O:6 (10%). Multidrug resistance rates in the major serogroups O:12 (91%) and O:11 (79%) were higher than those in serogroups O:1 (40%) and O:6 (43%). Further typing with respect to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns following XbaI digestion of genomic DNA discriminated the isolates into 74 types. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the ubiquitous O:12 group was genetically homogeneous, since 95% of strains belonged to two clusters of genotypic similarity, while the O:11 strains, present in 8 of the 11 hospitals, were distributed among five such clusters. Therefore, apart from the already reported O:12 multidrug-resistant European clone, an O:11 population, characterized by a serotype known to be dominant in the environment and the hospital in several parts of the world, but previously not associated with multidrug resistance to antibiotics, has progressed to a multidrug-resistant state.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Spread of Colistin-Only-Sensitive Sequence Type 235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Producing the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases GES-1 and GES-5 in Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 4930-4933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Viedma ◽  
Carlos Juan ◽  
Joshi Acosta ◽  
Laura Zamorano ◽  
Joaquín R. Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Spanish Hospital

ABSTRACT The mechanisms responsible for the increasing prevalence of colistin-only-sensitive (COS) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in a Spanish hospital were investigated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that 24 (50%) of the studied isolates belonged to the same clone, identified as the internationally spread sequence type 235 (ST235) through multilocus sequence typing. In addition to several mutational resistance mechanisms, an integron containing seven resistance determinants was detected. Remarkably, the extended-spectrum β-lactamase GES-1 and its Gly170Ser carbapenem-hydrolyzing derivative GES-5 were first documented to be encoded in a single integron. This work is the first to describe GES enzymes in Spain and adds them to the growing list of β-lactamases of concern (PER, VIM, and OXA) detected in ST235 clone isolates.

scholarly journals Metallo-β-Lactamases in ClinicalPseudomonas Isolates in Taiwan and Identification of VIM-3, a Novel Variant of the VIM-2 Enzyme

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2224-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jou Yan ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Wen-Chien Ko ◽  
Kwen-Tay Luh ◽  
Shu-Huei Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACT A total of 209 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas (193Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 P. putida, 4P. stutzeri, and 2 P. fluorescensisolates) with reduced susceptibilities to imipenem and/or ceftazidime were subjected to PCR assays with primers specific forbla IMP-1, bla IMP-2,bla VIM-1, and bla VIM-2and sequence analysis to identify the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) prevalent among these organisms in Taiwan; and 21 isolates gave positive results. Five isolates including two P. putida and three P. stutzeri isolates were found to carrybla IMP-1, and six isolates including fiveP. putida and one P. stutzeri isolates harboredbla VIM-2. The remaining 10 isolates wereP. aeruginosa, and all were found to carry a novel variant of bla VIM-2, designatedbla VIM-3. There are only two nucleotide differences between bla VIM-2 andbla VIM-3, leading to two amino acid alterations. Our findings indicate that VIM-2 and its variant have become the most prevalent metalloenzymes in Pseudomonas in Taiwan. Southern hybridization with thebla VIM-2-, bla VIM-3-, and bla IMP-1 -specific probes revealed that only two VIM-2-producing P. putida isolates appeared to carry the MBL gene on plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that six VIM-3-producing P. aeruginosa isolates and two IMP-1-producing P. stutzeri isolates were genetically related, suggesting that the spread of these MBL genes in Taiwan could be due to clonal dissemination as well as genetic exchange between different clones.

Use of PFGE to characterize clonal relationships among Belgian clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Yde ◽  
Annie Genicot
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Relationship ◽  
Reference Centre

The Belgian Listeria Reference Centre receives between 30 and 50 human clinical strains of Listeria monocytogenes per year. In general, epidemiological data are absent or incomplete, preventing recognition of episodes of listeriosis. However, data on a clonal relationship between strains can indirectly give an idea of the occurrence of episodes. Human isolates of L. monocytogenes from 2001 were serotyped, their arsenic-cadmium resistance profiles were determined, and they were pulsotyped with the application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using AscI and ApaI restriction endonucleases. On five occasions, two or more strains presented the same serovar, metal-resistance profile and pulsovar, suggesting a clonal relationship. This is the first report to identify accurately potential listeriosis episodes occurring in Belgium.

scholarly journals Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Binary Typing as Tools in Veterinary Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiologic Analysis of Bovine and HumanStaphylococcus aureus Isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Zadoks ◽  
Willem van Leeuwen ◽  
Herman Barkema ◽  
Otlis Sampimon ◽  
Henri Verbrugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Strain Characterization ◽  
Single Host

Thirty-eight bovine mammary Staphylococcus aureusisolates from diverse clinical, temporal, and geographical origins were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) afterSmaI digestion of prokaryotic DNA and by means of binary typing using 15 strain-specific DNA probes. Seven pulsed-field types and four subtypes were identified, as were 16 binary types. Concordant delineation of genetic relatedness was documented by both techniques, yet based on practical and epidemiological considerations, binary typing was the preferable method. Genotypes of bovine isolates were compared to 55 previously characterized human S. aureusisolates through cluster analysis of binary types. Genetic clusters containing strains of both human and bovine origin were found, but bacterial genotypes were predominantly associated with a single host species. Binary typing proved an excellent tool for comparison ofS. aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, derived from different host species and from different databases. For 28 bovine S. aureus isolates, detailed clinical observations in vivo were compared to strain typing results in vitro. Associations were found between distinct genotypes and severity of disease, suggesting strain-specific bacterial virulence. Circumstantial evidence furthermore supports strain-specific routes of bacterial dissemination. We conclude that PFGE and binary typing can be successfully applied for genetic analysis of S. aureusisolates from bovine mammary secretions. Binary typing in particular is a robust and simple method and promises to become a powerful tool for strain characterization, for resolution of clonal relationships of bacteria within and between host species, and for identification of sources and transmission routes of bovine S. aureus.

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