Vagal influence on perceptual processing of fearful faces presented at different ranges of spatial frequency in different types of categorization tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-272
Author(s):  
Gewn Hi Park ◽  
Eric Egan ◽  
Michael W. Vasey ◽  
Julian F. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vagal Influence

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by threshold

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Szczepanowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
The Subject

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by thresholdThe present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.

scholarly journals Consistent Verbal Labels Promote Odor Category Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Vanek ◽  
Marton Soskuthy ◽  
Asifa Majid
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Verbal Labels ◽  
Different Types

Recent research shows that speakers of most languages find smells difficult to abstract and name. Can verbal labels enhance the human capacity to learn smell categories? Few studies have examined how verbal labeling might affect non-visual cognitive processes, and thus far very little is known about word-assisted odor category learning. To address these gaps, we tested whether different types of training change learning gains in odor categorization. After four intensive days of training to categorize odors that were co-presented with arbitrary verbal labels, people who learned odor categories with odor-label pairs that were more consistent were significantly more accurate than people with the same perceptual experience but who had odor-label pairs that were less consistent. Both groups’ accuracy scores improved, but the learning curves differed. The context of consistent linguistic cuing supported a steady increase in correct responses from the onset of training. However, inconsistent linguistic cuing delayed the start of approximating to target odor categorization. These results show that associations formed between odors and novel verbal labels facilitate the formation of odor categories. We interpret this as showing a causal link between language and olfactory perceptual processing in supporting categorization.

Regulatory peptides as modulators of vagal influence on cardiac rhythm

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Pokrowsky ◽  
Oleg E. Osadchiy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Delta Sleep ◽  
Heart Contraction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide ◽  
Vagal Influence

When the right vagus nerve of anesthetized cats was stimulated with repetitive bursts of pulses, decelerated heart rate became synchronized to the rhythm of the vagal bursts. Each burst applied to the vagus was followed by a single heart contraction. Within defined limits an increase in the frequency of vagal bursts evoked a proportional acceleration of the heart, whereas a decreased frequency diminished the heart rate. Therefore, over the range of synchronization the heart rate was precisely controlled by changing the vagal stimulation rate. We concluded that the chronotropic effect evoked by vagal bursts was composed of two functionally different types of influence, namely, inhibitory tonic and synchronizing. The vagotropic influence of intravenously injected regulatory peptides was found to be selective for either the tonic or synchronizing component. For instance, dalargin (D-Ala2-Leu5-Arg6-enkephalin) and neokyotorphin selectively diminished the inhibitory tonic vagal influence, whereas delta sleep inducing peptide and neurotensin potentiated it. The magnitude of synchronizing vagal influence was not modified by these peptides. In contrast, secretin selectively inhibited the synchronizing vagal effect, but the tonic one was not affected. Somatostatin potentiated the synchronizing effect but diminished the tonic one. These data support the hypothesis that certain regulatory peptides can modulate the effects of repetitive vagal bursts on pacemaker activity.Key words: vagus nerve, burst stimulation, controlled bradycardia, regulatory peptides.

scholarly journals Enhanced extrastriate visual response to bandpass spatial frequency filtered fearful faces: Time course and topographic evoked-potentials mapping

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Pourtois ◽  
Elise S. Dan ◽  
Didier Grandjean ◽  
David Sander ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Fearful Faces

From the heart to the mind's eye: Cardiac vagal tone is related to visual perception of fearful faces at high spatial frequency

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gewnhi Park ◽  
Jay J. Van Bavel ◽  
Michael W. Vasey ◽  
Eric J.L. Egan ◽  
Julian F. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Cardiac Vagal Tone ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Mind's Eye

scholarly journals A Rapid Subcortical Amygdala Route for Faces Irrespective of Spatial Frequency and Emotion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica McFadyen ◽  
Martial Mermillod ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley ◽  
Veronika Halász ◽  
Marta I. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Causal Modelling ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Subcortical Pathway

ABSTRACTThere is significant controversy over the anatomical existence and potential function of a direct subcortical visual pathway to the amygdala. It is thought that this pathway rapidly transmits low spatial frequency information to the amygdala independently of the cortex and yet this function has never been causally determined. In this study, neural activity was measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) while participants discriminated the gender of neutral and fearful faces filtered for low or high spatial frequencies. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) revealed that the most likely underlying neural network consisted of a subcortical pulvino-amygdala connection that was not modulated by spatial frequency or emotion and a cortico-amygdala connection that conveyed predominantly high spatial frequencies. Crucially, data-driven neural simulations demonstrated a clear temporal advantage of the subcortical route (70ms) over the cortical route (155ms) in influencing amygdala activity. Thus, our findings support the existence of a rapid functional subcortical pathway that is unselective of the spatial frequency or emotional content of faces.

Amygdala responses to masked and low spatial frequency fearful faces: a preliminary fMRI study in panic disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 203 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ottaviani ◽  
Daniela Cevolani ◽  
Valeria Nucifora ◽  
Rosita Borlimi ◽  
Raffaele Agati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Fmri Study

Psychophysical ‘measurement’ of Cortical Colour Mechanisms: Reply to Meyer

Perception ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
Veijo Virsu ◽  
Seija Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Mccollough Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types

In a paper recently published in this journal, Meyer criticised our study on relationships between channels for colour and spatial frequency for not being able to demonstrate a size aftereffect not specific to colour, a McCollough effect not specific to size, or the functions of cortical colour mechanisms. In fact, our study attempted none of these demonstrations in the sense suggested by Meyer because the first would have been impossible for empirical reasons, the second for conceptual reasons, and the third for methodological reasons. Instead, our study yielded evidence that at least three different types of perceptual channel underlie our capacity to perceive the size and colour of objects.

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