Influence of acute stress on attentional bias toward threat: How a previous trauma exposure disrupts threat apprehension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wivine Blekic ◽  
Mandy Rossignol ◽  
Erika Wauthia ◽  
Kim L. Felmingham
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Previous Trauma

scholarly journals Previous Trauma Exposure and PTSD Symptoms as Predictors of Subjective and Biological Response to Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Regehr ◽  
Vicki LeBlanc ◽  
R Blake Jelley ◽  
Irene Barath ◽  
Joanne Daciuk
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Stress Situation ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Previous Trauma

Objective: The immediate and long-term effects of traumatic exposure and subsequent posttraumatic stress reactions in people in high-risk occupations are well-documented. What is less evident is the impact of this traumatic exposure and subsequent traumatic stress symptoms on workers' response to acute stress situations. This study aimed to examine the association between prior traumatic exposure related to policing, current posttraumatic stress symptoms and biological markers of stress, and subjective appraisal of stress before, during, and after exposure to acutely stressful stimuli. Method: A stressful policing situation was created through the use of a video simulator room. Participants' responses to the simulated emergency were evaluated by monitoring heart rate, collecting salivatory samples for cortisol analysis, and repeated administration of a subjective measure of anxiety. Results: Biological indicators of stress, as measured by cortisol level and heart rate, were not associated with previous trauma exposure or trauma symptoms; however, biological response was associated with subjective anxiety. Vulnerability to psychological stress responses during an acute stress situation was also associated with lower levels of social support, previous traumatic exposures, and preexisting symptoms of traumatic stress. The importance of these factors became more pronounced as time progressed after the event. Conclusion: Previous trauma exposure did not put individuals at increased risk of biological distress during an acute stress situation. However, previous trauma and reduced social supports were associated with continuing psychological distress, confirming previous research and raising concerns about the cumulative negative effects of traumatic exposure on psychological health in emergency responders.

Factors Related to Positive Memory Count Among Trauma-Exposed Individuals: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110131
Author(s):  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Stephanie V. Caldas ◽  
Megan Dolan ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Memory Specificity ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Positive Memories

To examine the existing knowledge base on trauma experiences and positive memories, we conducted a scoping review of trauma and post-trauma factors related to positive memory count. In July 2019, we searched PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and PTSDpubs for a combination of words related to “positive memories/experiences,” “trauma/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),” and “number/retrieval.” Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria (adult samples, original articles in English, peer-reviewed, included trauma-exposed group or variable of trauma exposure, trauma exposure examined with a trauma measure/methodology, assessed positive memory count, empirical experimental/non-experimental study designs). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, two authors reviewed abstracts, completed a secondary search, and independently extracted data. Our review indicated (1) that depression and PTSD were most researched; (2) no conclusive relationships of positive memory count with several psychopathology (depression, acute stress disorder, eating disorder, and anxiety), cognitive/affective, neurobiological, and demographic factors; (3) trends of potential relationships of positive memory count with PTSD and childhood interpersonal traumas (e.g., sexual and physical abuse); and (4) lower positive memory specificity as a potential counterpart to greater overgeneral positive memory bias. Given variations in sample characteristics and methodology as well as the limited longitudinal research, conclusions are tentative and worthy of further investigations.

Emotional Consequences of Participating in Research: How Does a History of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Trauma Exposure Affect Participants’ Experiences?

2020 ◽  
pp. 155626462097961
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Robertson ◽  
M. Shae Nester ◽  
Christina M. Dardis
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Previous Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asking Questions

Although research into trauma and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is critical to informing evidence-based interventions, IRB committees express caution about the potential safety concerns these questions pose to participants. The present study examined the emotional consequences of participating in research asking questions about trauma and NSSI. A total of 544 participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing trauma exposure, NSSI, and reactions to research participation. Results indicated that trauma exposure was positively related with emotional reactions, and NSSI engagement was associated with higher incidences of trauma. Additionally, those with a history of NSSI reported greater emotional reactions and perceived drawbacks after participation. However, overall, individuals with a history of NSSI still indicated a positive research experience. Implications for how to safely conduct research with participants who have a history of NSSI and previous trauma exposure are discussed.

Attentional bias, inhibitory control and acute stress in current and former opiate addicts

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Constantinou ◽  
Celia J.A. Morgan ◽  
Stefania Battistella ◽  
Dominic O’Ryan ◽  
Paul Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Opiate Addicts

scholarly journals Previous trauma exposure and perinatal depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Alves Pereira ◽  
Ana Teresa Pereira ◽  
Tânia Susana Amado Casanova ◽  
Alba Roca
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Previous Trauma

scholarly journals Hypertrophic Scar Severity at Autograft Sites Is Associated With Increased Pain and Itch After Major Thermal Burn Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Mauck ◽  
Jeffrey W Shupp ◽  
Felicia Williams ◽  
Marie Ashley Villard ◽  
Samuel W Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Previous Trauma ◽  
Prior Trauma ◽  
Site Pain

Abstract Approximately three quarters of major thermal burn injury (MThBI) survivors suffer from hypertrophic scarring (HTS) and over half experience chronic pain or itch. In survivors of MThBI, HTS and chronic pain or itch are considered one of the greatest unmet challenges of postburn injury care and psychosocial reintegration. Although scarring, itch, and pain have been clinically associated, there are no prospective, multisite studies examining tissue autograft site pain or itch and scar outcomes. The authors collected a representative cohort (n = 56) of MThBI survivors who received autografting within 14 days of injury and evaluated graft-site pain or itch severity (0–10 Numeric Rating Scale) and HTS using a validated scar photograph assessment scale 6 months following MThBI. Given that stress is known to influence wound healing, the authors also assessed the relationship between previous trauma exposure, peritraumatic stress, preburn overall health (SF-12), scarring, and chronic pain or itch severity using Spearman’s correlation. Association between HTS and chronic pain or itch was significant in a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity (β = 0.2, P = .033 for pain, β = 0.2, P = .019 for itch). Results indicate that prior trauma exposure is inversely correlated (r = −.363, P = .030) with scar severity, but not pain or itch severity 6 months after MThBI. Study results suggest that preburn chronic pain or itch is associated with pathological scarring 6 months following MThBI. Results also indicate that stress may improve scarring after MThBI. Further work to understand the mechanisms that underlie both HTS and chronic pain or itch and their relationship to chronic stress is critical to the development of novel therapies to assist burn survivors recover.

The Influence of Cliniciansʼ Previous Trauma Exposure on Their Assessment of Child Abuse Risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 198 (9) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Regehr ◽  
Vicki LeBlanc ◽  
Aron Shlonsky ◽  
Marion Bogo
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Child Abuse Risk ◽  
Previous Trauma ◽  
Abuse Risk

scholarly journals Acute Psychological Stress Disrupts Attentional Bias to Threat-Related Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Jiang ◽  
Tony W. Buchanan ◽  
Zhuxi Yao ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Acute Psychological Stress ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of acute stress on attentional bias to threat using behavioral and ERP methods. Sixty-two male participants were randomly assigned to a stress condition (Trier Social Stress Test) or a control condition. To examine the impact of stress-induced cortisol on attentional bias to threat, participants in the stress group were split into Low- and High cortisol responders. All participants were then administered a modified dot probe task in which the cues were neutral and angry faces. Behavioral results showed a pattern of attentional bias toward threat in the Control group but not in the stress group. For the ERPs, the P100 peaked earlier for the angry-cued targets than the neutral-cued targets in the Control group, which suggests a rapid, adaptive response toward threat. However, this effect was not observed in the stress group, suggesting a suppressed attentional bias under stress. In addition, the stress group (including both Low and High cortisol responders) showed reduced P300 amplitude to target onset than the Control group. These results suggest that acute stress disrupts attentional bias to threat including a reduction in early bias to threat in addition to a subsequent change of attention allocation.

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