Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies have reported conflicting results for the effect of overall treatment time (OTT) on tumor control with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To examine this effect, we conducted a propensity score-weighted, retrospective, observational study at a single institution.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 200 patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent SBRT (48 Gy in 4 fractions) at our institution between January 2007 and October 2013. Patients were grouped into consecutive (OTT = 4–5 days, n = 116) or non-consecutive treatment groups (OTT = 6–10 days, n = 84). The outcomes of interest were local control and overall survival. The Cox regression model was used with propensity score and inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsThe median OTTs in the consecutive and non-consecutive groups were 4 and 6 days, respectively. The 5-year local control and overall survival rates in the consecutive group vs. non-consecutive group were 86.3% vs. 77.2% and 55.5% vs. 51.8%, respectively. After propensity score-weighting, consecutive SBRT was associated with positive local control (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.65; p=0.002) and overall survival benefits (adjusted hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.91; p=0.019). ConclusionsProlonged OTT negatively affected the outcomes of patients with early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that in patients with early-stage NSCLC treated with the same dose-fractionation regimen, consecutive SBRT has a more beneficial effect on tumor control than does non-consecutive SBRT.