Withholding effort in knowledge contribution: The role of social exchange and social cognitive on project teams

This paper investigates the role of microlearning on cost-efficiency on knowledge transfer in a project-based organization. As part of an action research study in a Norwegian public sector organization working with construction projects, a microlearning series was initiated to increase knowledge transfer on cost-efficiency. Seven microlearning lessons were distributed to 334 employees, including short questionnaires after the first and last lesson. The study reflects on the design process of the lessons, on the participation rate, and on how it contributes to an increase of knowledge. Microlearning was perceived as relevant by the participants. It makes knowledge transfer less arbitrary by providing a common body of knowledge to all project teams. For the organizational practice, this implies that microlearning also has potential for knowledge sharing on other topics in the project-based organization. Updating the microlearning series with further examples and new lessons is expected to contribute to continuous learning on cost-efficiency.

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To sext or not to sext. The role of social-cognitive processes in the decision to engage in sexting

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407521995884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1410-1429

Author(s):

Claire Wilson ◽

Tommy van Steen ◽

Christabel Akinyode ◽

Zara P. Brodie ◽

Graham G. Scott

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Factors ◽

Relationship Status ◽

Injunctive Norm ◽

The Social ◽

And Behavior ◽

Insight Into

Technology has given rise to online behaviors such as sexting. It is important that we examine predictors of such behavior in order to understand who is more likely to sext and thus inform intervention aimed at sexting awareness. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine sexting beliefs and behavior. Participants (n = 418; 70.3% women) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive), control perceptions (self-efficacy and controllability) and intentions toward sexting. Specific sexting beliefs (fun/carefree beliefs, perceived risks and relational expectations) were also measured and sexting behavior reported. Relationship status, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and self-efficacy were associated with sexting intentions. Relationship status, intentions and self-efficacy related to sexting behavior. Results provide insight into the social-cognitive factors related to individuals’ sexting behavior and bring us closer to understanding what beliefs predict the behavior.

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The Silver Lining in the Dark Cloud of Social Status Insecurity: The Mediating Role of Popularity Goals in the Association Between Social Status Insecurity and Chinese Adolescents’ Bullying Bystander Behaviors

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211023489 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110234

Author(s):

Yuchi Zhang ◽

Xiaoyu Lan ◽

Guanyu Cui ◽

Jingke Wang

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Mediating Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Social Status Insecurity ◽

Peer Factors ◽

Defending Behaviors ◽

Bystander Behaviors

Bullying bystander behavior has an important effect on bullying—both in stopping and facilitating it. Although bullying bystander behaviors have long been understood as a peer group process, existing research that focuses on the role of peer factors is still limited. Moreover, less is known about the social cognitive-related role of peer factors and its underlying mechanisms in adolescents’ bullying bystander behaviors. Accordingly, using resource control theory, this study examines the mediating effects of popularity goals on the associations between social status insecurity and bullying bystander behaviors (active defending behaviors, passive bystanding behaviors) among 333 Chinese adolescents (181 males; Mage = 13.10; SD = .50). Analyses were conducted using SPSS 23 to conduct descriptive and correlation analyses. The hypothesized mediation model was tested using a structural equation modeling approach with bootstrapping techniques (bootstrap replications: 5,000) using AMOS 23. The results showed that popularity goals fully mediated the relationship between adolescents’ social status insecurity and their active defending behaviors. No gender differences in these mediating effects were observed. The results also indicated that popularity goals did not mediate the relationship between social status insecurity and passive bystanding behaviors. These findings enrich our understanding of bullying bystander behaviors and highlight the positive role of social cognitive factors (e.g., popularity goals) in active defending behaviors. Our findings deepen our understanding of bullying bystanders through integrating proximate and ultimate approaches. Our findings have significant practical implications, which suggest that school anti-bullying interventions should value the positive roles of social status insecurity and popularity goals in promoting active defending behaviors.

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Team Networks and Team Identification: The Role of Leader-Member Exchange

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2013.41.7.1115 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 1115-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

KeXin Guan ◽

ZhengXue Luo ◽

JiaXi Peng ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

HaiTing Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Exchange ◽

Social Identity Theory ◽

Social Exchange Theory ◽

Team Identification ◽

Leader Member Exchange ◽

Exchange Relationships ◽

Member Exchange ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

We examined the relationship among team networks, leader-member exchange (LMX), and team identification in the workplace. Social network theory, social exchange theory, and social identity theory served as references for our theoretical propositions and analyses. We collected data from a sample of 223 teams of military personnel, serving in the artillery in West China. We found that the team networks had a significant effect on team identification. Further, the variance and the mean for LMX in teams interacted in influencing team identification (β =-.893, p < .01). Our findings indicated that creating productive networks in teams would be useful to enhance team identification, the effect of which may be carried on through to building exchange relationships between leader and follower.

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We Trust You! A Multilevel-Multireferent Model Based on Organizational Trust to Explain Performance

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4241

Author(s):

Marisa Salanova ◽

Hedy Acosta Antognoni ◽

Susana Llorens ◽

Pascale Le Blanc

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Social Exchange ◽

Social Exchange Theory ◽

Organizational Trust ◽

Organizational Practices ◽

Return On Assets ◽

Top Managers ◽

Psychological Mechanism ◽

And Performance

This study tests organizational trust as the psychosocial mechanism that explains how healthy organizational practices and team resources predict multilevel performance in organizations and teams, respectively. In our methodology, we collect data in a sample of 890 employees from 177 teams and their immediate supervisors from 31 Spanish companies. Our results from the multilevel analysis show two independent processes predicting organizational performance (return on assets, ROA) and performance ratings by immediate supervisors, operating at the organizational and team levels, respectively. We have found evidence for a theoretical and functional quasi-isomorphism. First, based on social exchange theory, we found evidence for our prediction that when organizations implement healthy practices and teams provide resources, employees trust their top managers (vertical trust) and coworkers (horizontal trust) and try to reciprocate these benefits by improving their performance. Second, (relationships among) constructs are similar at different levels of analysis, which may inform HRM officers and managers about which type of practices and resources can help to enhance trust and improve performance in organizations. The present study contributes to the scarce research on the role of trust at collective (i.e., organizational and team) levels as a psychological mechanism that explains how organizational practices and team resources are linked to organizational performance.

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EXPRESS: Religious Belief, Religious Priming, and Negative Word-of-Mouth in Everyday Service Failure Encounters

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/00222437211011196 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002224372110111

Author(s):

Riza Casidy ◽

Adam Duhachek ◽

Vishal Singh ◽

Ali Tamaddoni

Keyword(s):

Social Exchange ◽

Religious Belief ◽

Word Of Mouth ◽

Service Failure ◽

Online Reviews ◽

Negative Word ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Fairness Norms ◽

Strategic Variable

This research examines the effects of religious belief and religious priming on negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) behavior. Drawing on social exchange and norm paradigms, we theorize and find evidence of the unique effects of religious belief and religious priming on NWOM in everyday service failure encounters. Specifically, we find that religious belief is associated with higher NWOM, driven by a greater sensitivity to violations of fairness norms, which in turn reduces forgiveness. However, exposure to religious priming attenuates NWOM among more religious consumers by reducing sensitivity to violations of fairness norms, which in turn enhances forgiveness. A field study involving over 1.2 million online reviews of actual restaurant experiences, in addition to four lab studies, provides support for our theorized effects. Our study sheds light on the religion–forgiveness discrepancy by establishing the mediating role of sensitivity to fairness violations on the relationship between religion and forgiveness in the NWOM context. Further, our results demonstrate the importance of religion as a strategic variable in the management of service failure experiences, providing theoretical implications for the literature on the effects of religion on consumer behavior.

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