An energy-efficient model for fog computing in the Internet of Things (IoT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1-2 ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Oma ◽  
Shigenari Nakamura ◽  
Dilawaer Duolikun ◽  
Tomoya Enokido ◽  
Makoto Takizawa
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1499-1508
Author(s):  
Bhukya Suresh ◽  
◽  
G Shyama Chandra Prasad ◽  

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a resource-constrained network class recognized as a major energy consumer. Wireless sensor technologies are used in many commercialized industrial automation processes and other real-world applications. The WSN protocol is well-suited to harsh situations where deployment is difficult or impossible, such as the battlefield, a toxic chemical plant, the cloud, fog computing, and the Internet of Things, but not in a high-temperature network infrastructure environment. WSNs have introduced various Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols based on network (NW) organization and protocols in recent years. Various WSN routing options for energy efficiency are explored in this work. The WSN Energy Efficient Routing Protocol is compared to other routing systems. We also compare and investigate better WSN routing algorithms for cloud computing, fog computing, and the Internet of Things.


In the era of new technologies, Fog computing becomes very popular in today’s scenario. Fog computing paradigm brings a concept that extends cloud computing to the edge and close proximity to the Internet of Things (IoT) network. The fundamental components of fog computing are fog nodes. Additionally, fog nodes are energy efficient nodes. Numerous fog nodes are deployed in the associated fields that will handle the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors computation. Meanwhile, the Internet of Things (IoT) faces challenges, among which energy efficiency is one of the most prominent or critical challenges in the current scenario. However, sensor devices are an energy constraintthatcreateshotspotduringtheroutingprocess.Forthis reason,tohandlesuchconstraints,thispaperpresentsaneffective hotspot mechanism using fog nodes that demonstrate the routing process and directed the sensors to choose the routing path as selected by the fog node. Moreover, fog node will act as a decision maker node and maintain the energy efficiency of sensors during the routing as fog nodes are energy efficient nodes. As it moves towards the emergency situation, the most appropriate and effective routing approach has been designed who maintain the energy level of sensors will be high during the routing process. The proposed routing technique could be better performance for the sake of efficient routing in terms of energy consumption and prolonging networklifetime.


Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eljona Zanaj ◽  
Giuseppe Caso ◽  
Luca De Nardis ◽  
Alireza Mohammadpour ◽  
Özgü Alay ◽  
...  

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong N. Chang ◽  
Xiuzhen Cheng ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Wonjun Lee ◽  
Yingshu Li ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam

In next-generation computing, the role of cloud, internet and smart devices will be capacious. Nowadays we all are familiar with the word smart. This word is used a number of times in our daily life. The Internet of Things (IoT) will produce remarkable different kinds of information from different resources. It can store big data in the cloud. The fog computing acts as an interface between cloud and IoT. The extension of fog in this framework works on physical things under IoT. The IoT devices are called fog nodes, they can have accessed anywhere within the range of the network. The blockchain is a novel approach to record the transactions in a sequence securely. Developing a new blockchains based middleware framework in the architecture of the Internet of Things is one of the critical issues of wireless networking where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the use and popularity of IoT. The proposed research creates a framework for providing the middleware framework in the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our main contribution links a new study that integrates blockchains to the Internet of things and provides communication security to the internet of smart devices.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam

<p>The fog computing is the emerging technology to compute, store, control and connecting smart devices with each other using cloud computing. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an architecture of uniquely identified interrelated physical things, these physical things are able to communicate with each other and can transmit and receive information. <a>This research presents a framework of the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Fog computing. The blockchain is also the emerging technology that provides a hyper, distributed, public, authentic ledger to record the transactions. Blockchains technology is a secured technology that can be a boon for the next generation computing. The combination of fog, blockchains, and IoT creates a new opportunity in this area. In this research, the author presents a middleware framework based on the blockchain, fog, and IoT. The framework is implemented and tested. The results are found positive. </a></p>


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