Energy Efficient Decision based Routing Technique using Fog Computing Paradigm

In the era of new technologies, Fog computing becomes very popular in today’s scenario. Fog computing paradigm brings a concept that extends cloud computing to the edge and close proximity to the Internet of Things (IoT) network. The fundamental components of fog computing are fog nodes. Additionally, fog nodes are energy efficient nodes. Numerous fog nodes are deployed in the associated fields that will handle the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors computation. Meanwhile, the Internet of Things (IoT) faces challenges, among which energy efficiency is one of the most prominent or critical challenges in the current scenario. However, sensor devices are an energy constraintthatcreateshotspotduringtheroutingprocess.Forthis reason,tohandlesuchconstraints,thispaperpresentsaneffective hotspot mechanism using fog nodes that demonstrate the routing process and directed the sensors to choose the routing path as selected by the fog node. Moreover, fog node will act as a decision maker node and maintain the energy efficiency of sensors during the routing as fog nodes are energy efficient nodes. As it moves towards the emergency situation, the most appropriate and effective routing approach has been designed who maintain the energy level of sensors will be high during the routing process. The proposed routing technique could be better performance for the sake of efficient routing in terms of energy consumption and prolonging networklifetime.

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Energy Efficiency in Short and Wide-Area IoT Technologies—A Survey

Technologies ◽

10.3390/technologies9010022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Eljona Zanaj ◽

Giuseppe Caso ◽

Luca De Nardis ◽

Alireza Mohammadpour ◽

Özgü Alay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Low Power ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Wide Area ◽

Wide Area Networks ◽

The Internet ◽

Extensive Review ◽

Research Directions ◽

The Internet Of Things

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions.

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A Survey on Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing Protocol of WSN for Internet of Things

Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ◽

10.51201/jusst/21/07326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (07) ◽

pp. 1499-1508

Author(s):

Bhukya Suresh ◽

◽

G Shyama Chandra Prasad ◽

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Routing Algorithms ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

The Internet ◽

Energy Efficient Routing ◽

Real World Applications ◽

The Internet Of Things

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a resource-constrained network class recognized as a major energy consumer. Wireless sensor technologies are used in many commercialized industrial automation processes and other real-world applications. The WSN protocol is well-suited to harsh situations where deployment is difficult or impossible, such as the battlefield, a toxic chemical plant, the cloud, fog computing, and the Internet of Things, but not in a high-temperature network infrastructure environment. WSNs have introduced various Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols based on network (NW) organization and protocols in recent years. Various WSN routing options for energy efficiency are explored in this work. The WSN Energy Efficient Routing Protocol is compared to other routing systems. We also compare and investigate better WSN routing algorithms for cloud computing, fog computing, and the Internet of Things.

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Fog Computing

Fog Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5649-7.ch009 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 198-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chintan M. Bhatt ◽

C. K. Bhensdadia

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Real Time ◽

Fog Computing ◽

The Internet ◽

Research Issues ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Edge Network ◽

The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things could be a recent computing paradigm, defined by networks of extremely connected things – sensors, actuators and good objects – communication across networks of homes, buildings, vehicles, and even individuals whereas cloud computing could be ready to keep up with current processing and machine demands. Fog computing provides architectural resolution to deal with some of these issues by providing a layer of intermediate nodes what's referred to as an edge network [26]. These edge nodes provide interoperability, real-time interaction, and if necessary, computational to the Cloud. This paper tries to analyse different fog computing functionalities, tools and technologies and research issues.

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An energy-efficient model for fog computing in the Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things ◽

10.1016/j.iot.2018.08.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1-2 ◽

pp. 14-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Ryuji Oma ◽

Shigenari Nakamura ◽

Dilawaer Duolikun ◽

Tomoya Enokido ◽

Makoto Takizawa

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Fog Computing ◽

The Internet ◽

The Internet Of Things

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Fog Computing Application Deployment and Management

The Rise of Fog Computing in the Digital Era - Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6070-8.ch004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 68-83

Author(s):

Ranjitha G. ◽

Pankaj Lathar ◽

G. M. Siddesh

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Fog Computing ◽

The Internet ◽

Access Points ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Application Deployment ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The Internet Of Things

Fog computing enhances cloud computing to be closer to the processes that act on IOT devices. Fogging was introduced to overcome the cloud computing paradigm which was not able to address some services, applications, and other limitations of cloud computing such as security aspects, bandwidth, and latency. Fog computing provides the direct correlation with the internet of things. IBM and CISCO are linking their concepts of internet of things with the help of fog computing. Application services are hosted on the network edge. It improves the efficiency and reduces the amount of data that is transferred to the cloud for analysis, storage, and processing. Developers write the fog application and deploy it to the access points. Several applications like smart cities, healthcare domain, pre-processing, and caching applications have to be deployed and managed properly.

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Fog Computing

International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing ◽

10.4018/ijghpc.2017100107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chintan Bhatt ◽

C. K. Bhensdadia

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Real Time ◽

Fog Computing ◽

The Internet ◽

Research Issues ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Edge Network ◽

The Internet Of Things

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Processing Complex Events in Fog-Based Internet of Things Systems for Smart Agriculture

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21217226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 7226

Author(s):

Sandy F. da Costa Bezerra ◽

Airton S. M. Filho ◽

Flavia C. Delicato ◽

Atslands R. da Rocha

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Complex Event Processing ◽

The Internet ◽

Event Processing ◽

Data Traffic ◽

Hierarchical Processing ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

The Internet Of Things

The recent growth of the Internet of Things’ services and applications has increased data processing and storage requirements. The Edge computing concept aims to leverage the processing capabilities of the IoT and other devices placed at the edge of the network. One embodiment of this paradigm is Fog computing, which provides an intermediate and often hierarchical processing tier between the data sources and the remote Cloud. Among the major benefits of this concept, the end-to-end latency can be decreased, thus favoring time-sensitive applications. Moreover, the data traffic at the network core and the Cloud computing workload can be reduced. Combining the Fog computing paradigm with Complex Event Processing (CEP) and data fusion techniques has excellent potential for generating valuable knowledge and aiding decision-making processes in the Internet of Things’ systems. In this context, we propose a multi-tier complex event processing approach (sensor node, Fog, and Cloud) that promotes fast decision making and is based on information with 98% accuracy. The experiments show a reduction of 77% in the average time of sending messages in the network. In addition, we achieved a reduction of 82% in data traffic.

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